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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet journal of veterinary medicine >Prevalence of haemoparasites and associated risk factors in working donkeys in Adigudem and Kwiha districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
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Prevalence of haemoparasites and associated risk factors in working donkeys in Adigudem and Kwiha districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

机译：埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷地区的阿迪多姆地区和克维哈地区工作驴中的血寄生虫患病率及相关危险因素

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to March 2009 in Adigudem and Kwiha districts of Tigray regional state with the objective of identifying the prevalence of haemoparasites and the associated risk factors in working donkeys. Blood samples were collected from a total of 400 randomly selected donkeys and examined by dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique and Giemsa stained blood smears. The overall prevalence of haemoparasites was 2.5% (n =10) without significant variation between the two districts (p>0.05). Babesia and trypansomes were the haemoparasites observed in the donkeys with a prevalence of 1.75% (n=7) and 0.75 % (n=3), respectively. Species identification has indicated the presence of two species of Babesia: Babesia equi (71.43%) and Babesia caballi (28.6%) whereas all the trypanosomes encountered belong to the single species of Trypanosoma vivax. No significant association was observed between the prevalence of either of the two haemoparasites and the hypothesized risk factors (district, sex, age and body condition score) (p>0.05 for all factors). The mean packed cell volume (PCV) of trypanosome infected donkeys (20.67±4.04) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of non-infected donkeys (28.68±5.73); however, no significant difference was observed between babesia positive and babesia free animals (p>0.05). Moreover, this study has shown that 22% donkeys tested serologically were seropositive for Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum. Overall, the prevalence of haemoparasites reported in the current study is low compared with previous studies and might be associated with the study design, the season of study, low sensitivity of the parasitological technique or a better veterinary service provided in the area by a charity organization. Introduction The donkey is widely distributed through out Ethiopia with an estimated population of 5.2 million (Saul et al., 1997). It is most commonly found in the dry and mountainous areas (Alemu et al., 2004). Majority of the donkeys are found in the central high lands of the country including Arsi, Showa and also northern parts of Ethiopian, with highest density being in Arsi followed by Tigray and Showa. According to the Agricultural sample survey conducted during 2005/2006, the number of donkeys and mules in Tigray Region are estimated to be 387,390 and 7,900, respectively (CSA, 2006).Despite the increase in mechanization throughout the world, donkeys are still well deserving of the name ‘beasts of burden’ with their inherent ability to thrive in harsh environments (in arid and semi arid areas and where roads are poor or none existent). They are playing an important role in transportation (riding, pack transport or pulling cart), farming (tillage, threshing) and in certain countries they aid in raising water and milling (Pearson et al., 1994; Mwenya and Tandkeib, 2004).Recurrent drought in Ethiopia resulting in increased cattle mortality has also contributed to an increase in donkey’s usage as draft and pack animal both in rural and urban areas. In general, donkey has a prominent position in the agricultural system of Ethiopia especially to the resource poor communities in rural and urban areas. The low level of development of the road transport network and rough terrain of the country make the donkey the most valuable, appropriate and affordable pack animal under small holder farming system of Ethiopia (Gebreworld et al., 2004). The use of cart donkeys in door to door transport of goods also provides urban dwellers with the opportunity of income generation (Demelash and Moges, 2006).Despite the number, its prominent role in rural and agricultural life system of the country, the knowledge pertaining to the physiology, nutritional requirement, health problems and management system of the donkey is still limited and rarely available in the literature except the endeavor of the Donkey sanctuary since its establishment.Even though donkeys have
机译：从2008年11月至2009年3月，在提格里州的阿迪古德姆和克维哈地区进行了一项横断面研究，目的是确定血驴中的寄生虫流行率和相关危险因素。从总共400头随机选择的驴子中收集血液样本，并通过暗底/相衬血沉棕黄层技术和吉姆萨染色的血液涂片检查。血寄生虫的总体患病率为2.5％（n = 10），两个地区之间无显着差异（p> 0.05）。巴比虫和锥虫是驴中的血寄生虫，患病率分别为1.75％（n = 7）和0.75％（n = 3）。物种鉴定表明存在两种巴贝斯虫：马来巴贝斯虫（71.43％）和巴贝斯卡贝利（28.6％），而遇到的所有锥虫都属于间日锥虫的单一物种。两种血寄生虫的患病率与假设的危险因素（地区，性别，年龄和身体状况评分）之间均未发现显着相关性（所有因素均p> 0.05）。锥虫感染驴的平均包装细胞体积（PCV）（20.67±4.04）显着（p <0.05）低于未感染驴的（28.68±5.73）。然而，在巴贝虫阳性和无巴贝虫的动物之间未观察到显着差异（p> 0.05）。此外，这项研究表明，经血清学检测的驴对伊文锥虫和马齿锥虫的血清反应呈阳性。总体而言，与先前的研究相比，当前研究中报道的血寄生虫患病率较低，并且可能与研究设计，研究季节，寄生虫学技术的敏感性较低或慈善组织在该地区提供的兽医服务有关。简介驴在埃塞俄比亚各地广泛分布，估计有520万人口（Saul等，1997）。它最常见于干旱和山区（Alemu等，2004）。大部分驴种分布在该国的中部高地，包括阿尔西（Arsi），昭和（Showa）以及埃塞俄比亚的北部，其中密度最高的是阿尔西（Arsi），其次是提格雷（Tigray）和昭和（Showa）。根据2005/2006年进行的农业抽样调查，提格雷地区的驴和mu子分别估计为387,390和7,900（CSA，2006）。尽管全世界机械化程度有所提高，但驴仍然值得“负担的野兽”一词具有固有的在恶劣环境（在干旱和半干旱地区以及道路不畅或根本不存在的地区）中壮成长的能力。它们在运输（骑马，打包运输或拉车），农业（耕作，脱粒）中起着重要作用，在某些国家，它们有助于提高水量和制粉（Pearson等，1994; Mwenya和Tandkeib，2004）。埃塞俄比亚的反复干旱导致牛只死亡率增加，这也促进了农村和城市地区驴用作牲畜和包装动物的使用。总的来说，驴在埃塞俄比亚的农业系统中占有重要地位，特别是在农村和城市地区资源贫乏的社区。公路运输网络的低水平发展和该国的崎road地形使驴成为埃塞俄比亚小农户耕作制度下最有价值，最适宜和可负担得起的包装动物（Gebreworld等，2004）。在门到门的货物运输中使用手推车驴也为城市居民提供了创收的机会（Demelash and Moges，2006）。尽管数量众多，在国家的农村和农业生活系统中起着重要的作用，但相关知识驴的生理，营养需求，健康问题和管理体系仍然很有限，除了驴保护区自建立以来一直在努力，文献中很少提供。

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