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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet journal of veterinary medicine >A Histological Study Of The Autotomized Plane In The Tail Of Christinus Marmoratus (Wall Gecko).
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A Histological Study Of The Autotomized Plane In The Tail Of Christinus Marmoratus (Wall Gecko).

机译：Christinus Marmoratus（壁虎壁）尾部自动切面的组织学研究。

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Lizards have a way of shedding their tails as a defense strategy to facilitate escape from predators. Specific mechanisms are involved in this process of caudal autotomy, as well as in the subsequent tissue regeneration leading to the restoration of the structure and function of the sacrificed tail. Twenty Christinus marmoratus (wall gecko) were used for this study. Under anesthesia with Chloroform, the autotomizing plane of Christinus marmoratus was located (which is about 5 mm to the cloaca), and excised with a clean surgical blade and fixed in 10% formalin. The tails were processed and stained in Hematoxylin and Eosin stains; and connective tissue fibers were demonstrated using Gordon and Sweet’s, van Gieson’s and Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin’s stains. Images of 1.2 mm2 areas were viewed using an Olympus binocular microscope and captured with a panasonic video camera. The histological results showed the presence of connective tissue fibers such as collagen, elastic and reticulin fibers, as well as adipose tissue. The spine was sheathed with a thick layer of longitudinal skeletal muscle fibers. The epithelial lining was stratified squamous with the presence of goblet cells, and apposed to the joints are elastic cartilage and blood vessels. These observations support the practices of tail autotomy and regeneration by Christinus marmoratus. Introduction Caudal autotomy, a self-induced tail separation from the body, is a common and effective antipredator strategy widespread among most species of lizards1, with an immediate benefit of increased running speed2,3. This attribute however depends on a complex array of environmental, individual, and species-specific characteristics4. Occurrence of autotomy could be due to the effect of external forces at the fracture planes, as well as loss of tensile strength5. Each autotomy plane can be regarded as an assemblage of breakage zones traversing the individual anatomical components of the autotomous structure5.Many species have evolved specialized behavioral and physiological adaptations to minimize or compensate for any negative consequences; one of the most important steps following a successful autotomous escape involves regeneration of the lost limb or tail6,4. Studies by Simou et al7 observed the presence of higher lipid levels in regenerated tails than original tails.Impaired lymphatic drainage in human limbs causes the debilitating swelling termed lymphedema. In mammals, known growth factors involved in the control of lymphangiogenesis (growth of new lymph vessels) are vascular endothelial growth factors-C and –D (VEGF-C, VEGF-D), which characterize a model of lymphangiogenesis in which the tail of lizard is regenerated without becoming edematous8. Different biological investigations have been carried out on effects of prostanglandin metabolism during cell aggregation period9. This study was designed basically to demonstrate the morphology and histology of the autotomized tail of lizards (gecko), using different staining techniques, as the tissues at this autotomized plane are critical in the adaptive mechanisms employed by lizards in order to survive this state, as well as the regeneration of the tail that later occurs. Materials and Methods Twenty Christinus marmoratus were used for this study. They were obtained from Adewole Estate, Ilorin, Nigeria.They were sedated using Chloroform and were observed to be totally inactive before the commencement of the study. The autotomized plane of Christinus marmoratus was located, which was about 5 mm distal to the cloaca in the tail region. Surgical blades were used to cut 3-5 mm region of the tails and fixed in 10% formalin. The tissues were fixed for 24 hours and subsequently processed using Hematoxylin and Eosin’s stains , Gordon and Sweet’s stains, van Gieson’s stains, and Gomori’s aldehyde Fuchsin’s staining procedures.Images of 1.2 mm2 areas were viewed using an Olympus binocular microscope and captured with a Panasonic video camera.
机译：蜥蜴有一种甩尾的方法，作为一种防御策略，可帮助他们逃避捕食者。尾部切开术的这个过程以及随后的组织再生都涉及到特定的机制，从而导致被牺牲的尾巴的结构和功能得以恢复。本研究使用了二十只Christinus marmoratus（壁虎）。在用氯仿麻醉的情况下，定位了克里斯汀·马氏肌的自动切开平面（距泄殖腔约5 mm），并用干净的手术刀片切除并固定在10％福尔马林中。加工尾巴，用苏木精和曙红染色;并用戈登和斯威特，范吉森和格莫里的醛品红染色法证明了结缔组织纤维。使用Olympus双目显微镜查看1.2平方毫米的图像，并用松下摄像机拍摄。组织学结果表明存在结缔组织纤维，例如胶原蛋白，弹性纤维和网状蛋白纤维，以及脂肪组织。脊柱被一层厚厚的纵向骨骼肌纤维包裹着。上皮内衬呈鳞状分层，并带有杯状细胞，并与关节相连的是弹性软骨和血管。这些观察结果支持Christinus marmoratus进行尾巴切开和再生的做法。引言尾巴切开术是自体导致的尾巴与身体的分离，是一种常见且有效的抗掠食者策略，在大多数蜥蜴种类中均有广泛应用1，其直接好处是提高了运行速度2、3。但是，此属性取决于环境，个体和物种特定特征的复杂阵列4。切开术的发生可能是由于骨折面上的外力的作用，以及拉伸强度的损失5。每个切开平面都可以看作是贯穿切开结构的各个解剖组成部分的断裂区域的集合5。许多物种已经进化出专门的行为和生理适应能力，以最大程度地减少或补偿任何负面后果;成功的自动逃生后最重要的步骤之一是失去的肢体或尾巴的再生6,4。 Simou等人的研究[7]观察到再生尾巴中的脂质水平高于原始尾巴。人肢体淋巴引流受损会导致称为淋巴水肿的虚弱肿胀。在哺乳动物中，参与淋巴管生成控制（新淋巴管的生长）的已知生长因子是血管内皮生长因子-C和-D（VEGF-C，VEGF-D），其特征在于淋巴管生成的模型中，尾巴蜥蜴再生后不会浮肿8。已经对前列腺素在细胞聚集期的代谢影响进行了不同的生物学研究9。这项研究的基本目的是通过使用不同的染色技术来证明蜥蜴（壁虎）自动切尾的形态和组织学，因为在这个自动切平面上的组织对于蜥蜴为了适应这种状态所采用的适应性机制至关重要。以及后来发生的尾巴再生。材料和方法本研究使用了二十只Christinus marmoratus。它们是从尼日利亚伊洛林的Adewole庄园获得的，并使用氯仿对它们进行了镇静，并且在研究开始之前被观察到完全没有活性。找出了克里斯汀·马莫拉图斯（Christinus marmoratus）的自动切面，该平面位于泄殖腔尾部区域的远端约5毫米处。使用手术刀片切割尾巴的3-5毫米区域，并固定在10％福尔马林中。将组织固定24小时，然后使用苏木精和曙红染色，戈登和Sweet染色，van Gieson染色以及Gomori醛醛品红染色程序进行处理。使用奥林巴斯双目显微镜观察1.2 mm2区域的图像并用Panasonic视频拍摄相机。

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