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首页> 外文期刊>The Open Cell Signaling Journal >Dual Philosophy in Death Receptor Signalling
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Dual Philosophy in Death Receptor Signalling

机译：死亡受体信号转导的双重哲学

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Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is the founding member of a cytokine family with important roles in both, physiology and pathological conditions. The two seemingly opposing cellular responses to stimulation by TNF itself are death and induction of pro-inflammatory signalling. TNF and other TNF superfamily (SF) members signal by crosslinking their cognate receptors. These form part of the TNF receptor SF (TNFRSF). Members of this family have between two and six characteristic cysteine-rich repeats in their extracellular domain. These repeats are crucial for receptor-ligand interaction. Members of the TNFRSF come in three flavours: as type I transmembrane proteins, attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosyl?phosphatidyl?inositol (GPI) anchor, or as secreted soluble proteins. The latter receptors act as decoys for their respective ligands. To date 30 members of the TNFRSF are known. Six of them form part of the subfamily of the death receptors. Death receptors are characterised by the presence of an intracellular death domain (DD). Amongst the death receptors there are again at least two subclasses, the ones which recruit the Fas-Associated Death Domain (FADD) and the ones that recruit the TNFR-Associated Death Domain (TRADD) protein. The primary function of FADD-recruiting receptors is to induce apoptosis whilst the primary function of the TRADD recruiters is to activate pro-inflammatory signalling (Fig. 1). However, from a second platform both systems are also capable of triggering the respective other signalling outcome
机译：肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）是细胞因子家族的创始成员，在生理和病理状况中均具有重要作用。 TNF自身刺激引起的两个看似相反的细胞反应是死亡和促炎信号的诱导。 TNF和其他TNF超家族（SF）成员通过交联其同源受体发出信号。这些形成了TNF受体SF（TNFRSF）的一部分。该家族的成员在其细胞外结构域中具有2至6个特征性的富含半胱氨酸的重复序列。这些重复对于受体-配体相互作用至关重要。 TNFRSF的成员具有三种风味：作为I型跨膜蛋白，通过糖基？磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚定附着在质膜上，或作为分泌的可溶性蛋白。后者的受体充当其各自配体的诱饵。迄今为止，已知TNFRSF的30个成员。其中六个构成死亡受体亚家族的一部分。死亡受体的特征在于细胞内死亡域（DD）的存在。在死亡受体中，又有至少两个亚类，募集Fas相关死亡域（FADD）的那些和募集TNFR相关死亡域（TRADD）蛋白的那些。 FADD受体的主要功能是诱导凋亡，而TRADD募集者的主要功能是激活促炎信号（图1）。然而，从第二平台，两个系统也能够触发各自的其他信令结果。

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