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首页> 外文期刊>The Open Ecology Journal >Sex-Specific Foraging Behaviours and Growth Rates in Juveniles Contribute to the Development of Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism in a Spider
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Sex-Specific Foraging Behaviours and Growth Rates in Juveniles Contribute to the Development of Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism in a Spider

机译：少年中特定性别的觅食行为和生长速率有助于蜘蛛中极端性大小二态性的发展。

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Extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in temperate species is expected to be proximally caused, at least partially, by sex-specific growth rates due to the limited time available for growth and reproduction. Hence sex-specific foraging strategies are predicted to mediate differential growth rates. However, little is known about how sex differences in foraging behaviour and growth trajectories relate to the expression of pronounced SSD. Here we tested for sex-specific foraging strategies and growth rates in juveniles of the highly size dimorphic orb-web spider Argiope aurantia under natural conditions. In a number of web sites, we estimated web height, web size (size of the prey capture area), mesh size, stabilimentum (web decoration) size and length, vegetation density and prey availability. Over four days in the field we also measured spider growth and web site tenacity. Independently of body size, females exhibited faster growth rate than males. When body size and condition were controlled for, we found that females built larger webs, and at sites with greater prey availability compared to males. Males built webs with significantly larger and longer stabilimenta independent of web size. These results indicate that extreme female-biased SSD in A. aurantia is at least partially the result of sex-specific growth rates already in early juvenile stages mediated by sex-specific web design and placement to allow for greater foraging success of females compared to males. We discuss these findings in the context of SSD evolution, and consider whether the sex-specific behaviours detected are more likely consequences or causes of the evolution of extreme SSD.
机译：由于有限的生长和繁殖时间，预计温带物种中的极端性大小双态性（SSD）至少部分是由性别特异性生长率造成的。因此，预计特定性别的觅食策略将介导不同的增长率。然而，关于觅食行为和生长轨迹的性别差异如何与明显的SSD的表达之间的关系知之甚少。在这里，我们测试了自然条件下高规格双态球状网蛛Argiope aurantia幼鱼的特定性别觅食策略和生长速率。在许多网站中，我们估计了网的高度，网的大小（猎物捕获区域的大小），网孔大小，稳定（网装饰）的大小和长度，植被密度和猎物的可用性。在实地的四天内，我们还测量了蜘蛛的生长和网站的韧性。与体型无关，女性表现出比男性更快的生长速度。当控制了身体的大小和状况时，我们发现，与雄性相比，雌性会建立更大的网，并且猎物的可获得性更高。雄性建立的网幅稳定且长得多，与网幅尺寸无关。这些结果表明，Aurantia中女性偏向极端的SSD至少部分是由于在特定性别的网页设计和放置的介导下，在少年早期就已经存在特定性别的增长率，因此与男性相比，雌性的觅食成功更大。我们在SSD进化的背景下讨论这些发现，并考虑检测到的性别特定行为是否更可能是极端SSD进化的结果或原因。

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