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首页> 外文期刊>The Open Infectious Diseases Journal >Human Papillomavirus Infections: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects and Vaccines
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Human Papillomavirus Infections: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects and Vaccines

机译：人乳头瘤病毒感染：流行病学，临床方面和疫苗

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摘要

Genital Human papillomavirus infections are the commonest sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Theprevalence however in cytologically normal women varies from 1.4% in Spain to over 25% in some countries South ofthe Sahara. Globally about 10% of women are infected with HPV. The average duration of HPV infection is 4-20 monthsand the majority of infected individuals will clear the infection without any clinical consequences. Persistent infectionwith high-risk or oncogenic types of HPV is strongly associated with the development of preinvasive and invasive lesionsof the ano-genital tract, including cancer of the cervix, anus, penis, vulva and vagina. HPV 16 is the most oncogenic typeand is associated with an absolute risk of high grade cervical cancer precursors of 40% after 5 years of persistentinfection. HPV infection of the epithelium is very effective at evading the host immune surveillance system due to theabsence of a viraemic phase, using non-lytic replication and low expression of viral proteins until late stages of epithelialdifferentiation. Infection of the cervix with high-risk types of HPV is a necessary although insufficient cause of cervicalcancer. Important co-factors include long term use of oral contraceptives, use of tobacco, co-infection with herpessimples, Chlamydia and HIV. This article discusses both secondary and primary prevention of cervical cancer, withparticular emphasis on developing countries, where 80% of cervical cancer cases are found.
机译：生殖器人乳头瘤病毒感染是全世界最常见的性传播感染。然而，细胞学上正常的女性患病率从西班牙的1.4％到撒哈拉以南一些国家的25％以上不等。全球约有10％的女性感染HPV。 HPV感染的平均持续时间为4到20个月，大多数感染者会清除感染而没有任何临床后果。持续感染高危或致癌类型的HPV与鼻生殖道的侵袭性和侵袭性病变发展密切相关，包括宫颈癌，肛门癌，阴茎癌，外阴癌和阴道癌。 HPV 16是最致癌的类型，在持续感染5年后，高级别宫颈癌前体的绝对风险为40％。由于无病毒期，使用非裂解性复制和病毒蛋白的低表达直至上皮分化的后期，HPV感染上皮对避免宿主免疫监视系统非常有效。尽管宫颈癌的病因不足，但高危型HPV感染子宫颈是必要的。重要的辅助因素包括长期使用口服避孕药，吸烟，与单纯疱疹，衣原体和艾滋病毒共同感染。本文讨论了子宫颈癌的二级和一级预防，特别是发展中国家，那里发现了80％的子宫颈癌病例。

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