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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine >The Usage Of Two 3 Way Stopcocks For Intravenous Administration Of Adenosine
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The Usage Of Two 3 Way Stopcocks For Intravenous Administration Of Adenosine

机译：两个三通旋塞用于静脉注射腺苷的用途

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Introduction Adenosine in used for the treatment of Paroxysmal Supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine has to be administered as rapidly as possible followed by the normal saline flush. A review of the literature showed no mention of the usage of the two 3 way stopcock technique for intravenous administration of adenosine;Methodology It is a prospective in-vitro study. (IRB informed that there is no need to obtain the consents from the participants).Setting: Pediatric Emergency room.Selection of participants:46 volunteers (physiciansurses) were asked to participate in the study of intravenous administration of adenosine followed by the normal saline flush using by the traditional method and also by the two 3-way stopcock method using the apparatus designed by the author. All the participants were explained and trained the procedure to be done by both methods. All the participants have performed in the said manner. Out of 46 participants 26 were physicians, 8 of them were attending physicians and the rest are resident physicians. The remaining 20 nurses are licensed registered nurses. All the physicians and nurses are ACLS and BLS certified.;Methods: The apparatus designed by the author has been used. Thin rubber tubes (usually used as tourniquet) were used as venous lines. One end of the rubber tube was connected to a reservoir to collect the fluid and the other end is tied to a small pole in a tight manner. To each rubber tube a 22 gauge angeocath being introduced and fixed with an adhesive tape. 2 syringes were used for both the methods. One marked as normal saline and the other as adenosine. Rubber tubing #1 was used for the traditional method and the rubber tubing #2 was used for the two 3way Stop cock method. For the rubber tubing #1 intravenous line is directly connected to the hub end of the catheter. Rubber tubing #2 was used for the two 3 way stopcock technique as depicted. One prong of the first 3 way stopcock was attached to the end of the intravenous line and the other prong was attached to the hub end of the catheter. The 3rd prong of the first 3 way stopcock was attached to the one prong of the 2nd 3way stopcock. For the other two prongs ofthe second 3 way stopcock attached syringes containing adenosine and normal saline respectively.The volunteers were asked to administer both normal saline and adenosine in both the tubings. For the traditional method, the volunteer was asked first to discontinue the intravenous line and then attach the syringe containing adenosine (1cc/3mg) and asked to administer as rapidly as possible and later asked to remove the syringe from the hub end of the catheter and volunteer was asked to maintain pressure with the thumb over the hub end of the catheter and then insert syringe contain normal saline (3cc) and asked to push the syringe as rapidly as possible. The time was noted from the intravenous discontinuation to the finish of the normal saline flush and intravenous line connected. In the two 3-way stopcock method, volunteer was asked to first turn the lever of the first stopcock to the intravenous line so that the intravenous line got occluded and kept open the aperture containing adenosine. The volunteer was asked later to push the syringe attached to one prong of the 2nd 3 way stopcock containing adenosine (1cc/3mg).The volunteer was later asked to turn the lever of 2nd 3 way stopcock towards the prong containing adenosine, so that the opening containing adenosine got occluded and opened the other prong containing normal saline and push the syringe containing normal saline.(3cc) as rapidly as possible. The timing was noted from the occlusion of intravenous line to the finish of normal saline flush and reopen the lever of first 3way stopcock to open the intravenous line.Method of Measurement:The time was measured from the intravenous line occluded until normal saline flush completed and intravenous line restarted using the stop watch to measure the time in seconds for both for
机译：简介腺苷用于治疗阵发性室上性心动过速。必须尽快注射腺苷，然后用生理盐水冲洗。文献综述显示没有提及将两种三通旋塞技术用于腺苷静脉内给药的方法;方法学是一项前瞻性的体外研究。 （IRB通知无需征得参与者的同意。）地点：儿科急诊室参与者的选择：46名志愿者（医师/护士）被要求参加静脉注射腺苷和正常人的研究。用传统方法冲洗盐水，也可使用作者设计的装置通过两次三通旋塞阀冲洗盐水。对所有参与者进行了解释并培训了通过两种方法进行的过程。所有参与者都以上述方式进行了表演。在46位参与者中，有26位是医师，其中8位是主治医师，其余为常驻医师。其余20名护士均为持照注册护士。所有医生和护士均通过ACLS和BLS认证。方法：使用作者设计的仪器。细橡胶管（通常用作止血带）用作静脉导管。橡胶管的一端连接到储液罐以收集液体，另一端以紧密的方式绑在一根小杆上。向每根橡胶管引入22号尺的角叉胶并用胶带固定。两种方法均使用2个注射器。一个标记为生理盐水，另一个标记为腺苷。橡胶管＃1用于传统方法，橡胶管＃2用于两个三通止动旋塞方法。对于＃1橡胶管，静脉内管线直接连接到导管的毂端。如图所示，橡胶管＃2用于两个三通旋塞阀技术。第一个三通旋塞阀的一个插脚连接到静脉管线的末端，另一个插脚连接到导管的毂末端。第一个三通旋塞阀的第三个插脚连接到第二个三通旋塞阀的一个插脚上。对于第二个三通旋塞阀的另外两个插脚，分别装有腺苷和生理盐水。要求志愿者在两个导管中同时注射生理盐水和腺苷。对于传统方法，首先要求志愿者中断静脉输液，然后连接装有腺苷（1cc / 3mg）的注射器，并要求尽快给药，然后要求将其从导管的毂端移开，志愿者被要求用拇指在导管的毂端上方保持压力，然后将装有生理盐水（3cc）的注射器插入，并要求尽快推动注射器。从静脉停药到正常生理盐水冲洗并连接静脉管线的时间被记录下来。在两个三通旋塞阀方法中，要求志愿者首先将第一个旋塞阀的手柄转到静脉输液管，以使静脉输液管闭塞并保持包含腺苷的孔口打开。后来要求志愿者将注射器连接到含有腺苷（1cc / 3mg）的第二三通旋塞的一个插脚上，然后要求志愿者将第二三通旋塞的杠杆朝着包含腺苷的插脚旋转。堵住含腺苷的开口，打开另一个含生理盐水的插脚，并尽快推动含生理盐水的注射器（3cc）。从封堵静脉线到结束生理盐水冲洗的时间记下时间，然后重新打开第一个三通旋塞阀的杆以打开静脉管线。测量方法：从闭塞静脉管线直到生理盐水冲洗完成并开始测量时间。使用秒表重新测量静脉输液管线的时间，以秒为单位

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