Cognitive impairment associated with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by the direct effect of the virus, as well as by opportunistic diseases in the brain, has shown significant changes with the use of combined antiretroviral therapy. Although the brain functions as a “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)” reserve in spite of treatment, and chronic inflammation and cognitive impairment due to neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral agents can persist in 5-10% of the patients, the incidence of HIV-related dementia, which is the most severe form of infection-related cognitive impairment, is reported to be reduced by about 50% in the post-treatment period (1,2,3,4).
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