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Multi-Objective Optimization for Analysis of Changing Trade-Offs in the Nepalese Water–Energy–Food Nexus with Hydropower Development

机译：多目标优化分析水电开发中尼泊尔水-能源-食品连接的权衡变化

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While the water–energy–food nexus approach is becoming increasingly important for more efficient resource utilization and economic development, limited quantitative tools are available to incorporate the approach in decision-making. We propose a spatially explicit framework that couples two well-established water and power system models to develop a decision support tool combining multiple nexus objectives in a linear objective function. To demonstrate our framework, we compare eight Nepalese power development scenarios based on five nexus objectives: minimization of power deficit, maintenance of water availability for irrigation to support food self-sufficiency, reduction in flood risk, maintenance of environmental flows, and maximization of power export. The deterministic multi-objective optimization model is spatially resolved to enable realistic representation of the nexus linkages and accounts for power transmission constraints using an optimal power flow approach. Basin inflows, hydropower plant specifications, reservoir characteristics, reservoir rules, irrigation water demand, environmental flow requirements, power demand, and transmission line properties are provided as model inputs. The trade-offs and synergies among these objectives were visualized for each scenario under multiple environmental flow and power demand requirements. Spatially disaggregated model outputs allowed for the comparison of scenarios not only based on fulfillment of nexus objectives but also scenario compatibility with existing infrastructure, supporting the identification of projects that enhance overall system efficiency. Though the model is applied to the Nepalese nexus from a power development perspective here, it can be extended and adapted for other problems.
机译：尽管水，能源，食品之间的联系对提高资源利用效率和经济发展变得越来越重要，但有限的定量工具可用于将该方法纳入决策。我们提出了一个空间明确的框架，该框架将两个完善的水和电力系统模型结合起来，以开发在线性目标函数中结合多个关联目标的决策支持工具。为了展示我们的框架，我们根据五个联系目标比较了八个尼泊尔电力发展方案：最大限度地减少电力短缺，维持灌溉用水以支持粮食自给，降低洪水风险，维持环境流量以及最大限度地利用电力出口。确定性多目标优化模型在空间上得到解析，以实现对链接的逼真的表示，并使用最佳潮流方法解决了动力传输约束问题。提供流域入流量，水电站规格，水库特征，水库规则，灌溉用水需求，环境流量需求，电力需求和输电线路特性作为模型输入。这些目标之间的权衡和协同作用在多种环境流量和电力需求要求下针对每种情况可视化。按空间分类的模型输出，不仅可以根据关系目标的实现来比较方案，而且还可以使方案与现有基础结构兼容，从而支持识别可提高整体系统效率的项目。尽管从电源开发的角度将模型应用于尼泊尔关系，但可以将其扩展并适用于其他问题。

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