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首页> 外文期刊>Health >Why Are Risk-Pooling and Risk-Sharing Arrangements Necessary for Financing Healthcare and Improving Health Outcomes in Low and Lower Middle-Income Countries
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Why Are Risk-Pooling and Risk-Sharing Arrangements Necessary for Financing Healthcare and Improving Health Outcomes in Low and Lower Middle-Income Countries

机译：为什么在中低收入国家和较低收入国家中，为医疗保健筹资和改善健康状况需要进行风险分担和风险分担安排

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Health is important to economic development, and economic development has an important impact on health outcomes. Health Expenditure makes up a substantial part of the global economy. In the world, the costs of healthcare are increasing; patients are compelled to pay more for treatment, and that makes a lot of people faced to Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHE) and in long run fall below the poverty line. One of the most urgent and vexing challenges faced by many low- and middle-income countries is how to provide health care for the more than two billion poor people who live in these areas (developing countries). As much as more than 65% (in 2014) of total private health care expenditure in low-income countries comes from out-of-pocket payment by patients. In addition, according to World Bank report (2007), in low and lower middle-income countries was speared nearly 13% of global health spending with 87% the global disease burden. The WHO considers health financing models with high risk pooled, such as health insurance and prepaid schemes, a promising means for achieving universal health-care coverage and promotion health care. A crucial concept in health financing is that of pooling. The WHO defines risk-pooling as the “accumulation and management of revenues in such a way as to ensure that the risk of having to pay for health care is borne by all members of the pool and not by each contributor individually”. The larger degree of pooling, the less people will have to bear the health financial risks. Furthermore, adopting and operating financing policies based on greeter risk pooling/sharing (prepayments) are recommended to all countries (especially in low and lower-middle income countries). It means risk sharing/pooling plays a key role in all financing systems for achieving effectiveness and efficiency health systems.
机译：健康对经济发展很重要，经济发展对健康结果有重要影响。医疗保健支出占全球经济的很大一部分。在世界范围内，医疗保健的费用正在增加;患者被迫支付更多的治疗费用，这使很多人面临灾难性的医疗费用（CHE），从长远来看，他们会跌入贫困线以下。许多中低收入国家面临的最紧迫和棘手的挑战之一是如何为生活在这些地区（发展中国家）的超过20亿贫困人口提供医疗服务。在低收入国家，多达65％（2014年）的私人医疗保健总支出来自患者的自付费用。此外，根据世界银行的报告（2007年），在中低收入国家中，约占全球卫生支出的13％，占全球疾病负担的87％。世卫组织认为，高风险汇总的健康筹资模式，例如健康保险和预付费计划，是实现全民医疗覆盖和促进医疗保健的有前途的手段。卫生筹资的一个关键概念是统筹。世卫组织将风险分担定义为“收入的累积和管理，以确保必须支付所有医疗费用的风险由资金池的所有成员承担，而不是由每个贡献者单独承担”。集中程度越高，承担健康财务风险的人数就越少。此外，建议所有国家（尤其是中低收入国家）采用基于招商风险分担/分担（预付款）的运营融资政策。这意味着风险分担/分担在所有融资系统中均起着关键作用，以实现卫生系统的有效性和效率。

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