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Hip and Shoulder Kinematics During Initial Sled Acceleration in Luging – A Case Study

机译：滑行初期雪橇加速过程中的髋部和肩部运动学—案例研究

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Purpose. The start is treated as one of the most important technical elements in all sliding sports, as it is the only phase when athletes can actively contribute to increasing sled velocity. Nevertheless, start kinematics in luging have seldom been addressed in literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse hip and shoulder movement of lugers during one of the essential start phases - the pull and push-off from the start handles - to further understanding of the velocity development process at its initial stage. Methods. Three experienced female lugers volunteered to take part in the case study. A number of start attempts were filmed and analysed using a motion tracking method. Results. The study found that an athlete and the sled do not move as a whole rigid system, and a hip movement relative to the sled was found to exist. The study participants used two techniques for achieving high sled velocity: by initially pulling on the start handles with a powerful back extension, and sliding the hips forward on the sled in an attempt to increase forward momentum; a combination of both techniques might provide increased performance. Athletes featured two weaknesses in terms of where horizontal sled velocity was lost - at the end of the initial pull on the handles and during the final moment of the push-off from the handles. The latter was previously believed to be another option at gaining increased sled horizontal velocity. Conclusions. As found in the results, athletes have at least two possibilities of increasing horizontal sled velocity. Hip movement relative to the sled appeared to be important for gains in velocity. Additional studies that analyse larger pulls are necessary for understanding the role of hip and sled relative movement in start technique and its impact on increasing initial velocity.
机译：目的。起步被视为所有滑行运动中最重要的技术要素之一，因为它是运动员可以积极为提高雪橇速度做出贡献的唯一阶段。然而，在文献中很少涉及起弧的起始运动学。因此，本研究的目的是分析在主要启动阶段之一（从启动手柄中拉出和下推）期间，鲁格斯的臀部和肩膀运动，以进一步了解其初始阶段的速度发展过程。方法。三名经验丰富的女性鲁格尔自愿参加了案例研究。使用运动跟踪方法拍摄并分析了许多开始尝试。结果。研究发现，运动员和雪橇不会整体运动，并且存在相对于雪橇的髋关节运动。研究参与者使用了两种技术来达到较高的雪橇速度：首先以强大的向后伸展力拉起启动手柄，然后在雪橇上向前滑动臀部，以增加向前的动力。两种技术的结合可能会提高性能。就水平雪橇速度的损失而言，运动员的主要缺点是两个缺点-在最初拉动手柄时结束时以及从手柄推下的最后时刻。先前认为后者是增加雪橇水平速度的另一种选择。结论。结果表明，运动员至少有两种增加水平雪橇速度的可能性。相对于雪橇的髋关节运动对于提高速度似乎很重要。为了理解臀部和雪橇相对运动在启动技术中的作用及其对增加初始速度的影响，还需要进行其他分析较大拉力的研究。

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