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Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

机译：11至15岁男性运动员的生长和功能特征

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Purpose. To evaluate the growth and functional characteristics of male athletes 11-15 years of age. Basic procedures. The sample included 190 boys, 10.5-15.4 years, undergoing training of sport schools for track and field (136) and other sports (54). Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Track and field athletes were compared by discipline and to athletes in other sports using MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, body size and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, those 11-13 years and 14-15 years. Main findings. All variables except the standing long jump and 20 m sprint differed significantly by track and field discipline. Only height and ball throw differed among athletes in other sports. Track and field athletes had a significantly lower BMI and % Fat and performed better in the jump and sprint than athletes in other sports. Variance explained in each of the functional indicators was greater in younger than in older athletes. The sum of skinfolds and % Fat exerted a negative influence on all functional indicators. Conclusions. Trends in body size of male athletes attending sport schools were consistent with observations for youth male athletes in several sports. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group, but the explained variance was higher in younger athletes.
机译：目的。要评估11-15岁男性运动员的成长和功能特征。基本程序。样本包括190名男孩，年龄在10.5-15.4岁之间，他们正在接受体育学校的田径训练（136）和其他运动（54）。测量身高，体重，三个皮褶和％脂肪（NIR）。测试了握力，站立跳远，掷出2公斤药球和冲刺20 m。使用MANCOVA（协方差的多元分析），将田径运动员按学科进行比较，并与其他运动项目中的运动员进行比较。多元线性回归分析用于估计年龄，体重和肥胖对两个年龄组（11-13岁和14-15岁）四个功能指标的相对贡献。主要发现。除了立定跳远和20 m冲刺以外，所有变量在田径训练中都存在显着差异。在其他运动项目中，运动员的身高和掷球不相同。田径运动员的BMI和脂肪百分比显着降低，并且在跳跃和短跑中的表现均优于其他运动项目的运动员。在每个功能指标中解释的差异在年轻人中大于在年龄较大的运动员中。皮褶和脂肪的总和对所有功能指标均产生负面影响。结论。参加体育学校的男运动员的体型趋势与对几种运动中的青年男运动员的观察一致。身高，体重和肥胖是每个年龄组四个功能指标差异的重要部分，但年轻运动员的解释差异较大。

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