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Vital values as perceived by Max Scheler and José Ortega y Gasset

机译：Max Scheler和JoséOrtega y Gasset认为的重要价值

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Contemporary mass culture is such that it now demands that one takes care of their body. The cult of the body has dominated our actions to such an extent that, oftentimes, the value of a person is perceived in terms of his or her physical perfection. However, the modern cult of the body cannot be seen as a revival of the ancient Greek concept of kalos kagathos. Today's culture, while coaxing people into tending to their body's needs, mystifies that very care. The question therefore arises whether the cult of the body upholds the value of body or whether it, in fact, denies it.Facing such a paradox, one may first question what significance the body itself has. Here, Max Scheler's concept of nobleness seems to be an alternative to the extremes represented in the philosophy of the body by both the traditional schools, more in line with Plato, and between those with more contemporary, somatocentric tendencies. As such, this antagonism between the noble and the ordinary constitutes one of the core issues in the demonstration of a human's vital values, values connected with maintaining life and health, in both the physical and mental aspects.This paper aims at presenting the range and specificity of such vital values and their influence on human activities. Scheler draws a clear demarcation line between those values which are vital and those which are hedonistic and utilitarian. His concept of vital values assumes that they encompass the widely understood ideas of physical culture, health promotion and ecology. He does not reduce the vital values when compared to those hedonistic, but underlines their autonomy and grants them a high standing in the hierarchy of values. While considering Scheler's philosophy of vital values, this paper will also set them in the context of Ortega y Gasset's speculation on values.
机译：当代大众文化是如此，以至于现在它要求人们照顾自己的身体。对身体的崇拜主导了我们的行为，其程度常常使人的价值体现在他或她的身体完美上。但是，现代的身体崇拜不能被视为对古希腊kalos kagathos概念的复兴。当今的文化虽然诱使人们趋向于满足自己的身体需求，但却使人十分关心。因此，出现了一个问题，即对身体的崇拜是维护身体的价值，还是实际上否认了身体的价值。面对这样的悖论，人们可能首先会质疑身体本身具有什么意义。在这里，马克斯·舍勒（Max Scheler）的高贵概念似乎可以替代传统哲学，更符合柏拉图（Plato）以及那些具有更现代，以躯体为中心的倾向的身体哲学中所代表的极端。这样一来，贵族与普通人之间的对抗就构成了人类生命价值，与维持生命和健康相关的价值（无论是在身体还是精神方面）的展示中的核心问题之一。这些生命价值的特殊性及其对人类活动的影响。舍勒在至关重要的价值观与享乐主义和功利主义的价值观之间划了清晰的界限。他的生命价值概念假定它们包含体育文化，健康促进和生态学的广泛理解的思想。与享乐主义者相比，他没有降低生命价值，但强调了他们的自主权，并赋予了他们在价值体系中的崇高地位。在考虑舍勒的生命价值哲学时，本文还将结合奥尔特加·加塞特（Ortega y Gasset）对价值的推测来进行设定。

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