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Delivery Systems for In Vivo use of Nucleic Acid Drugs

机译:体内使用核酸药物的给药系统

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The notorious biotechnological advance of the last few decades has allowed the development of experimental methods for understanding molecular mechanisms of genes and new therapeutic approaches. Gene therapy is maturing into a viable, practical method with the potential to cure a variety of human illnesses. Some nucleic-acid-based drugs are now available for controlling the progression of genetic diseases by inhibiting gene expression or the activity of their gene products. New therapeutic strategies employ a wide range of molecular tools such as bacterial plasmids containing transgenic inserts, RNA interference aptamers. A nucleic-acid based constitution confers a lower immunogenic potential and as result of the high stringency selection of large molecular variety, these drugs have high affi nity and selectivity for their targets. However, nucleic acids have poor biostability thus requiring chemical modifications and delivery systems to maintain their activity and ease their cellular internalization. This review discusses some of the mechanisms of action and the application of therapies based on nucleic acids such as aptamers and RNA interference as well as platforms for cellular uptake and intracellular delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides and their trade-offs.
机译:过去几十年臭名昭著的生物技术进步使人们可以开发用于理解基因分子机制的实验方法和新的治疗方法。基因治疗正在发展成为一种可行的实用方法,具有治愈各种人类疾病的潜力。现在,一些基于核酸的药物可用于通过抑制基因表达或其基因产物的活性来控制遗传疾病的进展。新的治疗策略采用了广泛的分子工具,例如含有转基因插入片段的细菌质粒,RNA干扰适体。基于核酸的成分具有较低的免疫原性,并且由于对大分子种类的高度严格选择,这些药物对其靶标具有高亲和力和选择性。然而,核酸的生物稳定性差,因此需要化学修饰和递送系统以维持其活性并易于其细胞内在化。这篇综述讨论了基于核酸(如适体和RNA干扰)的作用机制和疗法的应用,以及治疗性寡核苷酸在细胞吸收和细胞内递送的平台及其取舍。

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