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Time and Space in the Farming Village：A Time Geographical Approach

机译：农业村落的时空：时间地理学

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The way in which modern people relate to time is often thought to go back to the Industrial Revolution with the large-factory style of production it introduced. The American geographer Allan Pred has described an American city in the mid-nineteenth century in which systems of mass production employed large numbers of workers in huge factories. These began to replace the home-workshop, craftsman-like model of pro- duction that had predominated until then. He delineates a process wherein the flow of time that had once been in the hands of the individual and the family was now reorga- nized under "time rules" that were based on the time cycles of factory machines. 1 Prior to the Industrial Revolution, people's use of time was solely determined by the movement of the sun and family preferences. With the spread of the large factory model of produc- tion, people were required to adhere strictly to production time schedules set by the company. To run a production process smoothly involving a large number of workers, the personal situation of individuals and families was disregarded; only proper adherence to a regulated, uniform timetable held any value. Once this value system became estab- lished, rules governing time began to extend beyond the production floor to society at large, reaching schools and homes. The device that played the greatest role in this process of the modernization of time was the clock, which enabled time scheduling, a subject covered in the essays in this volume by Suzuki Jun and Uchida Hoshimi.
机译：人们通常认为现代人与时间的联系方式可以追溯到工业革命，它引入了工厂化的生产方式。美国地理学家艾伦·普雷德（Allan Pred）在19世纪中叶描述了一个美国城市，在该城市中，大规模生产系统雇用了大型工厂中的大量工人。这些开始取代了以前一直占主导地位的家庭工作室，类似于工匠的生产模式。他描述了一个过程，其中曾经由个人和家庭掌握的时间流现在根据基于工厂机器时间周期的“时间规则”进行了重组。 1在工业革命之前，人们对时间的利用完全取决于阳光的移动和家庭的喜好。随着大型工厂生产模式的普及，人们被要求严格遵守公司设定的生产时间表。为了使包括大量工人在内的生产过程顺利进行，个人和家庭的个人情况被忽略了;只有适当遵守受监管的统一时间表才能发挥任何价值。一旦建立了这种价值体系，关于时间的规则就开始从生产基地扩展到整个社会，并延伸到学校和家庭。在时间现代化过程中发挥最大作用的设备是时钟，它可以实现时间安排，这是铃木淳和内田保三在本卷论文中涉及的主题。

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    《Japan Review》 |2002年第5期|共21页
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    ARAI Yoshio;

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