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In vitro evaluation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on mitigation of gaseous emissions

机译：纳米氧化锌（nZnO）缓解气体排放的体外评估

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Enteric methane (CH4) accounts for about 70% of total CH4 emissions from the ruminant animals. Researchers are exploring ways to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants. Recently, nano zinc oxide (nZnO) has shown potential in reducing CH4 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production from the liquid manure under anaerobic storage conditions. Four different levels of nZnO and two types of feed were mixed with rumen fluid to investigate the efficacy of nZnO in mitigating gaseous production. All experiments with four replicates were conducted in batches in 250?mL glass bottles paired with the ANKOMRF wireless gas production monitoring system. Gas production was monitored continuously for 72?h at a constant temperature of 39?±?1?°C in a water bath. Headspace gas samples were collected using gas-tight syringes from the Tedlar bags connected to the glass bottles and analyzed for greenhouse gases (CH4 and carbon dioxide-CO2) and H2S concentrations. CH4 and CO2 gas concentrations were analyzed using an SRI-8610 Gas Chromatograph and H2S concentrations were measured using a Jerome 631X meter. At the same time, substrate (i.e. mixed rumen fluid+ NP treatment+ feed composite) samples were collected from the glass bottles at the beginning and at the end of an experiment for bacterial counts, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) analysis. Compared to the control treatment the H2S and GHGs concentration reduction after 72?h of the tested nZnO levels varied between 4.89 to 53.65%. Additionally, 0.47 to 22.21% microbial population reduction was observed from the applied nZnO treatments. Application of nZnO at a rate of 1000?μg?g??1 have exhibited the highest amount of concentration reductions for all three gases and microbial population. Results suggest that both 500 and 1000?μg?g??1 nZnO application levels have the potential to reduce GHG and H2S concentrations.
机译：肠甲烷（CH4）占反刍动物CH4排放总量的70％。研究人员正在探索减轻反刍动物肠内CH4排放的方法。近来，纳米氧化锌（nZnO）已显示出在厌氧存储条件下减少液态粪便中CH4和硫化氢（H2S）产生的潜力。将四种不同水平的nZnO和两种类型的饲料与瘤胃液混合，以研究nZnO在减轻气体产生方面的功效。所有具有四次重复的实验均在装有ANKOMRF无线气体生产监控系统的250？mL玻璃瓶中分批进行。在39℃±1℃的恒定温度下于水浴中连续监测产气72小时。使用气密注射器从与玻璃瓶相连的Tedlar袋中收集顶空气体样品，并分析温室气体（CH4和二氧化碳-CO2）和H2S的浓度。使用SRI-8610气相色谱仪分析CH4和CO2气体浓度，并使用Jerome 631X仪测量H2S浓度。同时，在实验开始和结束时从玻璃瓶中收集底物（即混合瘤胃液+ NP处理+饲料复合物）样品，以进行细菌计数和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）分析。与对照处理相比，在测试的nZnO水平72小时后，H2S和GHGs的浓度降低在4.89至53.65％之间。另外，从应用的nZnO处理中观察到微生物种群减少0.47至22.21％。在所有三种气体和微生物种群中，以1000？μg？g？1的比例使用nZnO表现出最高的浓度降低量。结果表明，500和1000？g？g？1 nZnO的施用量都有降低温室气体和H2S浓度的潜力。

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