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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Life Sciences International >Differences in Hypertension Risk Factors between Rural Maasai in Ngorongoro and Urban Maasai in Arusha Municipal: A Descriptive Study
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Differences in Hypertension Risk Factors between Rural Maasai in Ngorongoro and Urban Maasai in Arusha Municipal: A Descriptive Study

机译：描述性研究：恩戈罗恩戈罗的农村马赛人与阿鲁沙市的城市马赛人之间的高血压危险因素差异

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Background: Many ethnic groups within Tanzania are migrating from rural to urban areas in search of jobs and better livelihoods. One such group is the Maasai, whose distinct ethnicity and lifestyle potentially offers significant learnings in hypertension-related population health. This project investigated potential risk factors for hypertension in two Maasai settings with contrasting lifestyles: rural Ngorongoro Conservation Area and urban Arusha Municipal. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study in three rural villages (i.e., Olbalba, Misigiyo, Alelilayi) and urban Arusha Municipal, sampling 724 individuals aged 18 to 75 years, ( i . e. , 3 35 males; 389 females). Quantitative measurements included blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol, alcohol consumption, cigarette/tobacco use, and level of physical activity. Qualitative measurements included self-reports of lifestyle related risk factors such as distance walked, daily meal frequencies, alcohol and cigarette/tobacco use. Results: Prevalence of hypertension in urban Maasai 27.7% (n=97) was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than for rural Maasai 10.9% (n=41). Systolic blood pressure in urban Maasai was significantly positively correlated with obesity parameters including BMI, weight, waist- circumference, hip circumference and WHR while distance walked was significantly (p=0.004) negatively associated. In urban Maasai, hypertension prevalence increased with age being highest at 60 years and above. Gender differences were apparent between 40-59 years where prevalence in urban males was significantly higher than females. Compared to rural counterparts, urban Maasai were significantly higher (p<0.05) for overweight, number of daily meals consumed, alcohol use, and less physical activity. No difference occurred across sites with respect to WHR and total cholesterol. For rural Maasai, systolic blood pressure was only significantly (p<0.0033) positively associated with BMI. In contrast to urban Maasai, prevalence of hypertension amongst rural Maasai decreased with increasing age and, furthermore, there were no gender differences across age. Conclusions: The unique lower hypertension pattern for rural Maasai may reflect a number of emerging environmental and life style factors. Amongst rural Maasai, a distinctive pattern emerged of underweight, low WHR, lower meal consumption frequency, and more physical activities. Urban Maasai showed higher prevalence of hypertension and it risk factors compared to their rural counterparts. Findings emphasized the need for hypertension prevention lifestyle programmes including ongoing monitoring of blood pressure trends within the Maasai, especially within the context of urbanization.
机译：背景：坦桑尼亚境内的许多种族正在从农村迁移到城市地区，以寻找工作和改善生计。马赛族就是这样的一个群体，其独特的种族和生活方式有可能为高血压相关人群的健康提供重要的学习经验。该项目调查了两种生活方式截然相反的马赛族人的高血压的潜在危险因素：农村恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区和阿鲁沙市政府。方法：在三个农村村庄（即Olbalba，Misigiyo，Alelilayi）和阿鲁沙市市区进行的横断面描述性研究，抽取了724名年龄在18至75岁之间的人（即3 35例男性; 389例女性）。定量测量包括血压，体重指数（BMI），腰围与臀围比率（WHR），总胆固醇，酒精消耗，香烟/烟草使用和身体活动水平。定性测量包括与生活方式相关的风险因素的自我报告，例如步行距离，每日进餐频率，饮酒和吸烟/吸烟。结果：马赛市区的高血压患病率为27.7％（n = 97），远高于农村马赛地区的10.9％（n = 41）。马赛市区的收缩压与肥胖参数（包括BMI，体重，腰围，臀围和WHR）显着正相关，而步行距离则显着（p = 0.004）负相关。在马赛（Maasai）市区，高血压患病率随着年龄的增长而增长，最高年龄在60岁及以上。在40-59岁之间，性别差异明显，其中城市男性的患病率明显高于女性。与农村居民相比，城市马赛族在超重，每日进餐次数，饮酒和较少的体育锻炼方面显着较高（p <0.05）。 WHR和总胆固醇在不同部位之间没有差异。对于马赛农村地区，收缩压仅与BMI呈显着正相关（p <0.0033）。与城市马赛人相反，马赛人农村地区的高血压患病率随着年龄的增长而降低，此外，随着年龄的增长，性别没有差异。结论：马赛农村地区独特的低血压模式可能反映了许多新兴的环境和生活方式因素。在马赛农村地区，体重过轻，WHR低，进餐频率降低和体育锻炼增多是一种独特的模式。与农村地区相比，马赛市区的高血压患病率和危险因素更高。调查结果强调了预防高血压的生活方式计划的必要性，包括持续监测马赛地区的血压趋势，特别是在城市化背景下。

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