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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of athletic training >Health Consequences of Youth Sport Specialization
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Health Consequences of Youth Sport Specialization

机译：青年体育专业的健康后果

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Sport specialization is a training method now commonly used by young athletes who hope to achieve elite-level success. This may be defined as (1) choosing a main sport, (2) quitting all other sports to focus on 1 sport, and (3) year-round training (greater than 8 months per year). A number of sports medicine organizations have published recommendations based on the limited evidence available on this topic. The objective of this article was to perform a narrative review of the currently available evidence and sports medicine organizational recommendations regarding sport specialization and its effects on health to guide athletic trainers and sports medicine providers. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a narrative review of articles and position statements on sport specialization published from 1990 through 2018. Injury, overuse injury, serious overuse injury, and lower extremity injury were likely associated with higher degrees of sport specialization in various populations. Sports medicine organizations in general recommended against sport specialization in young athletes and instead promoted multisport participation for physical and psychological benefits. Few long-term data suggest that sport specialization has negative health-related quality-of-life consequences. Higher degrees of sport specialization likely pose risks of overuse injury; however, the age of specialization at which this risk occurs is not known. Because different populations and sports activities may put children at risk for certain injuries, future researchers should monitor large populations with sport-specific prospective active surveillance.
机译：运动专业化是目前希望获得精英水平成功的年轻运动员普遍使用的一种训练方法。这可以定义为（1）选择一项主要运动，（2）退出所有其他运动以专注于一项运动，以及（3）全年培训（每年超过8个月）。许多运动医学组织已经基于有关该主题的有限证据发布了建议。本文的目的是对有关运动专业化及其对健康的影响的现有证据和运动医学组织建议进行叙述性回顾，以指导运动教练和运动医学提供者。为了实现此目标，我们对1990年至2018年间发表的关于运动专业的文章和立场陈述进行了叙述性回顾。伤害，过度使用伤害，严重的过度使用伤害和下肢伤害可能与不同人群中运动专业化程度的提高有关。运动医学组织总体上建议不要在年轻运动员中进行运动专业化，而是为了身体和心理上的利益而促进参加多运动。很少的长期数据表明，体育专业化会对健康带来不良的生活质量影响。体育专业化程度较高可能会造成过度使用伤害的风险;但是，这种风险发生的专业化年龄尚不清楚。由于不同的人群和体育活动可能会使儿童处于遭受某些伤害的危险中，因此未来的研究人员应通过针对运动的前瞻性主动监视来监视大量人群。

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