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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science >Changes in Excitability of the Motor Cortex Associated with Internal Model Formation during Intrinsic Visuomotor Learning in the Upper Arm
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Changes in Excitability of the Motor Cortex Associated with Internal Model Formation during Intrinsic Visuomotor Learning in the Upper Arm

机译：上臂内在视觉运动学习过程中运动皮层的兴奋性与内部模型形成相关的变化

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Previous studies have shown that the primary motor cortex (M1) may drive part of the feed forward control of well learnt simple movements by specifying patterns of muscle activation. This study explored the role of the M1 in the feed forward control of newly formed movement patterns after motor adaptation. Ten healthy right-handed subjects performed planar, centre-out arm reaching movement trials with a robotic manipulandum in three phases: a null force field (baseline), a velocity-dependent force field (adaptation; 25 Nsm-1) and again in a null force field (deadaptation). Reaching error and voluntary EMG were recorded from the biceps and triceps before, during and after motor adaptation. We also explored the effects of motor adaptation on evoked responses to single and paired pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation from the same muscles at different delays after a visual go command, but before the onset of voluntary muscle activity. After the force field was removed, subjects produced reaching overshoot characteristic of adaptive internal model formation. Following motor adaptation, there was a significant increase in corticospinal excitability, reduction in short interval intracortical inhibition and increase in short interval intracortical facilitation that was associated with a sustained increase in voluntary muscle activity in the biceps. The adaptation-driven increase in reaching overshoot coupled with the increase in voluntary activity, corticospinal and intracortical excitability in the biceps suggests that the M1 may specify some of the feed forward components of newly learnt internal models through the control of specific muscles.
机译：先前的研究表明，初级运动皮层（M1）可以通过指定肌肉激活模式来驱动部分学习良好的简单运动的前馈控制。这项研究探讨了M1在运动适应后在新形成的运动模式的前馈控制中的作用。十名健康的惯用右手受试者分三个阶段用机械手manipulandum进行了平面，中心向外的手臂伸直运动试验：空力场（基线），速度相关力场（适应性; 25 Nsm-1），并在另一个阶段进行。空力场（适应）。在运动适应之前，期间和之后，从二头肌和三头肌记录到达误差和自愿肌电图。我们还探讨了视觉适应命令后，但在自愿性肌肉活动开始之前，运动适应对同一肌肉在不同延迟下对单个和成对脉冲经颅磁刺激的诱发反应的影响。去除力场后，受试者产生了达到自适应内部模型形成的超调特征。运动适应后，皮质脊髓兴奋性显着增加，短时皮质内抑制作用降低，短时皮质内促进作用增加，这与二头肌自愿肌肉活动的持续增加有关。适应性驱动的过度冲动的增加与二头肌的自愿活动，皮质脊髓和皮质内兴奋性的增加相结合，表明M1可以通过控制特定肌肉来指定新近学习的内部模型的一些前馈成分。

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