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Novel Drugs and Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma

机译：新药和联合疗法治疗转移性黑色素瘤

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Metastatic melanoma (MM) still remains as one of the most worrisome cancer known to mankind. In last two decades, treatment of melanoma took a dramatic turn with the discovery of targeted therapy which targets the mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These new findings have led to emergence of many novel drugs that have been approved by FDA. Targeted therapy drugs such as vemurafenib, trametinib and dabrafenib target the MAPK pathway whereas immunotherapies such as ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab block immune checkpoint receptors on T lymphocytes. All these drugs have shown to improve the overall survival in MM. Despite these recent discoveries, treatment of MM remains challenging because of rapid development of resistance to targeted therapy. This review will discuss recently approved drugs and their adverse effects and also shed light on combination therapy in treatment of melanoma.J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(2):63-75doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2424w
机译：转移性黑素瘤（MM）仍然是人类已知的最令人担忧的癌症之一。在过去的二十年中，黑色素瘤的治疗发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是针对靶向治疗的发现，该靶向治疗针对有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径和免疫检查点抑制剂的突变。这些新发现导致出现了许多已被FDA批准的新药。靶向治疗药物（例如vemurafenib，trametinib和dabrafenib）靶向MAPK途径，而免疫疗法（例如ipilimumab，nivolumab和pembrolizumab）则阻断T淋巴细胞上的免疫检查点受体。所有这些药物均显示可改善MM的整体生存率。尽管有这些最近的发现，但是由于对靶向治疗的抵抗性的快速发展，MM的治疗仍然具有挑战性。这篇综述将讨论最近批准的药物及其不良反应，并为治疗黑色素瘤的联合疗法提供启示。 2016; 8（2）：63-75doi：http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2424w

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