• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Global Health Care Systems >Evolution of Mental Health Organizations in the United States
【24h】

Evolution of Mental Health Organizations in the United States

机译：美国精神卫生组织的演变

获取原文
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Mental health care organizations provide care for members of the community in need of mental health services. These organizations have to meet the needs of community members who may need mental health services while balancing their financial needs with stakeholder expectations. Mental health care organizations have evolved to provide care in a community setting with the goal of making mental health care accessible. Organizational, service delivery, and technological factors have influenced the delivery of mental health care services. Mental health organizations were developed to care for the mentally ill. The first philanthropic asylum in America was The Pennsylvania Hospital that was built in 1751. The basic concept entailed providing safe, caring, orderly and quiet physical and social environment in which relationships of concern and wise guidance could be developed. Beginning in 1840, the progressive waves of immigration threatened to overwhelm the success of these institutions because of the indigence the immigrants and their sheer numbers. By 1870, the public asylums were overcrowded with poor lower class patients. Around this time, there was a significant change in the patient population. The proportion of chronic and aged patients increased which increased the average length of stay for patients in mental facilities. By 1930, nearly 80% of mental hospital beds were occupied by chronic or aged patients. This resulted in deteriorating quality of care for mental illness, overcrowding, and underfunding for treatment. In the 1950’s, mental health care was transformed by deinstitutionalization. This led to the building and funding of community mental health care centers. The goal of the community mental health centers was to provide treatment in the communities. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 was the first time federal funds were used to provide for the treatment of mental illness. In 1996, The Mental Health Parity Act required insurers to provide the same benefits for both physical and mental health. Legislation provided and required funding, access to care, and standards for mental health care. Mental health care legislation will be affected in the future by the budget because of the growing number of people in need of services. The Patient Care and Affordability Act could have an effect on mental health care. It will enable more people to have access to mental health services. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 for the first time provided federal funding for psychiatric education and research. The Mental Health Study Act of 1955 provided an objective evaluation of mental health concerns. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 provided federal funding for community mental health care centers. The President’s Commission on Mental Health of 1977 reviewed mental health needs and recommend policies. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibited discrimination based on physical or mental disability. The Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 required insurers to provide the coverage for both physical and mental health. The Paul Wellstone Mental Health and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 expanded federal requirements for mental health coverage and required health insurers who choose to cover mental illness to provide mental health benefits on par with that for physical health.
机译：精神卫生保健组织为需要精神卫生服务的社区成员提供护理。这些组织必须满足可能需要心理健康服务的社区成员的需求，同时平衡他们的财务需求和利益相关者的期望。精神卫生保健组织已经发展为在社区环境中提供护理，其目标是使精神卫生保健变得可及。组织，服务的提供和技术因素影响了精神保健服务的提供。建立了精神卫生组织来照顾精神病患者。美国的第一个慈善避难所是建于1751年的宾夕法尼亚医院。基本概念要求提供安全，关怀，有序和安静的身体和社会环境，在这种环境中可以发展关心的关系和明智的指导。从1840年开始，由于移民的稀缺性及其庞大的人数，逐渐增加的移民浪潮威胁到了这些机构的成功。到1870年，公共庇护所已经挤满了贫穷的低下阶层患者。在这段时间左右，患者人数发生了重大变化。慢性和老年患者的比例增加，这增加了患者在精神病院的平均住院时间。到1930年，慢性或老年患者占用了将近80％的精神病床。这导致精神疾病的护理质量恶化，人满为患，治疗资金不足。在1950年代，非医疗机构改变了精神保健服务。这导致了社区精神保健中心的建设和资金筹集。社区精神卫生中心的目标是在社区提供治疗。 1963年的《社区精神卫生法》是第一次使用联邦资金提供精神疾病治疗。 1996年，《精神健康平等法》要求保险公司为身体和精神健康提供相同的利益。提供了法律并要求提供资金，获得护理的机会以及精神卫生保健的标准。由于需要服务的人数不断增加，未来的预算将影响精神保健立法。 《患者护理和负担能力法案》可能对精神保健产生影响。这将使更多的人能够获得心理健康服务。 1946年的《国家精神卫生法》首次为联邦精神病教育和研究提供了资金。 1955年的《精神健康研究法》对精神健康问题进行了客观评估。 1963年的《社区精神保健中心法》为社区精神保健中心提供了联邦资金。 1977年总统精神卫生委员会审查了精神卫生需求并提出了政策建议。 1990年的《美国残疾人法》禁止基于身体或精神残疾的歧视。 1996年《精神健康均等法》要求保险公司提供身体和精神健康方面的保险。 《 2008年保罗·威尔斯通《精神健康和成瘾平等法》扩大了联邦对精神健康保险的要求，并要求选择承保精神疾病的健康保险公司提供与身体健康相当的精神健康福利。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号