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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molecular Biochemistry >Biochemical and cytogenetic changes in postovulatory and in vitro aged mammalian oocytes: a predisposition to aneuploidy
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Biochemical and cytogenetic changes in postovulatory and in vitro aged mammalian oocytes: a predisposition to aneuploidy

机译：排卵后和体外老年哺乳动物卵母细胞的生化和细胞遗传学变化：非整倍体的易感性

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Aneuploidy represents the most prevalent genetic disorder of man. Its association with spontaneous abortions, mental and physical retardation, and numerous malignant cells is well-known. Unfortunately, little is known about the causes and even less about the underlying molecular mechanisms of aneuploidy, especially in mammalian germ cells. Although several etiologies have been proposed for describing human aneuploidy, the only consistent finding remains its positive correlation with maternal age. At the outset, it is essential to point out that there exist numerous potential causes and mechanisms for the etiology of aneuploidy. Nevertheless, information about the molecular mechanisms of chromosome segregation in various species is providing a foundation for research designed to investigate the causes and mechanisms of aneuploidy. The intent of this review is to propose that the biochemical reactions and cellular organelles responsible for accurate chromosome segregation become compromised during postovulatory and in vitro oocyte aging; thus, increasing the probability of faulty chromosome segregation. Recent data have shown that the efficacies of the spindle assembly checkpoint and the chromosome cohesion proteins diminish as oocytes age postovulation and during in vitro culture. Such changes represent potential models for studying aneuploidy. Prior to describing the biochemical and cellular organelle changes found in aged oocytes and their effect on chromosome segregation, an overview of the molecular details surrounding chromosome segregation is presented.
机译：非整倍性代表了人类最普遍的遗传疾病。它与自然流产，智力和身体发育迟缓以及许多恶性细胞有关。不幸的是，人们对非整倍性的成因了解甚少，尤其是在哺乳动物生殖细胞中，对非整倍性的潜在分子机制了解甚少。尽管已经提出了多种病因来描述人类非整倍性，但唯一一致的发现仍然是其与产妇年龄的正相关。首先，必须指出非整倍性的病因有许多潜在的原因和机制。然而，有关各种物种染色体分离的分子机制的信息为旨在研究非整倍性的原因和机制的研究提供了基础。这篇综述的目的是提出在排卵后和体外卵母细胞衰老过程中，负责精确染色体分离的生化反应和细胞器会受到损害。因此，增加了错误的染色体分离的可能性。最近的数据表明，随着卵母细胞在排卵后和体外培养过程中的老化，纺锤体装配检查点和染色体凝聚蛋白的功效逐渐降低。这样的变化代表了研究非整倍性的潜在模型。在描述老化卵母细胞中发现的生化和细胞器变化及其对染色体分离的影响之前，先概述染色体分离的分子细节。

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