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Index and Composites of the Kuroshio Meander South of Japan

机译：日本南部黑潮蜿蜒的指数和综合指数

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Using the merged NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC)/Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC)/Marine Information Research Center (MIRC) historical hydrographic dataset, a new Kuroshio large meander (LM) index is introduced. This index helps to distinguish between the LM events and other types of Kuroshio Current (KC) variability south of Japan. Observations, re-systematized according to the index, provide composite patterns of typical formation and decay of the LM. The patterns reveal a remarkable similarity between individual LMs and support the deterministic rather than the stochastic model of LM evolution on a time-scale of one year. A “trigger” meander (TM) occurs on composite maps six months prior to the LM formation as a 1° latitude southward shift of the KC axis south of Kyushu. When propagating eastward along the coast of Japan, TM gradually increases in area. In principal the emergence of LM takes only one month. East of TM and LM a remarkable onshore shift of the KC is noticed, supplying the coastal region with warm water. Other warm anomalies are found on the warm side of KC next to the propagating TM and in the larger warm eddy area southeast of Kyushu. Different LMs survive for different times and decay in some months after KC “jumps” across the Izu Ridge. Changes of water properties on isopycnals in the interior of LM can be roughly described by two-layer kinematics with an interface at σθ = 27 which suggests a strong inflow of deep Kuroshio waters into the LM core during the formation of the latter.
机译：使用合并的NOAA国家海洋数据中心（NODC）/日本海洋数据中心（JODC）/海洋信息研究中心（MIRC）历史水文数据集，引入了新的黑潮大曲折（LM）指数。该指数有助于区分LM事件和日本南部的其他类型的黑潮潮流（KC）变异性。根据该指标重新系统化的观测结果提供了LM的典型形成和衰减的复合模式。这些模式揭示了单个LM之间的显着相似性，并且在一年的时间尺度上支持LM进化的确定性模型而非随机模型。 LM形成前六个月，合成地图上出现“触发”曲折（TM），是九州以南KC轴向南1度纬度偏移。当沿着日本沿海向东传播时，TM的面积逐渐增加。从原理上讲，LM的出现仅需一个月。在TM和LM以东，发现了KC的显着陆上移动，为沿海地区提供了温水。在靠近传播TM的KC暖侧和九州东南部较大的暖涡区域也发现了其他暖异常。在KC“跃过”伊豆岭之后，不同的LM生存不同的时间，并在几个月后衰减。 LM内部的等渗物上水质的变化可以用两层运动学来粗略地描述，其界面在σθ= 27处，这表明在其形成过程中，黑潮深层水大量流入了LM核。

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