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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Nursing Education and Practice >Coping styles associated with heart failure outcomes: A systematic review
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Coping styles associated with heart failure outcomes: A systematic review

机译：与心力衰竭结果相关的应对方式：系统评价

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Background: The incidence of heart failure continues to rise in the United States, with more than 600,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The progressive nature of heart failure predisposes individuals to physical and psychological sequelae, including physical activity intolerance and depressive symptoms. Coping is beneficial in assisting individuals to live with heart failure. Evidence suggests that how individuals cope with heart failure may influence heart failure-related outcomes, such as psychological well-being, self-care, health-related quality of life, and mortality. Thus, a better under- standing of coping styles can assist clinicians and researchers to develop interventions that improve heart failure outcomes. Purpose: To provide a systematic review and synthesis of evidence regarding the influence of coping styles in HF. A conceptualization of coping commonly used in heart failure-related literature within the context of stress and cognitive appraisal of stress is described. In addition, this review will identify what is known about: (1) individual factors that influence coping styles in heart failure; (2) the influence of coping styles on heart failure-related outcomes; and (3) interventions that promote effective (e.g., problem-focused) coping in heart failure. Methodological issues associated with this empirical literature and implications for clinicians and research also were discussed. Methods: This article provides a systematic review of current empirical evidence regarding the influence of coping styles on heart failure-related outcomes. Results: This review of empirical literature revealed several factors that may influence coping style in individuals with HF, including co-morbidities, personality, illness knowledge and beliefs, and sense of coherence. Additionally, the use of problem-focused coping strategies was found to be related to positive HF outcomes, such as psychological well-being, enhanced self-care, and improved health-related quality of life. Whereas, the use of emotion-focused coping strategies was found to be associated with negative HF outcomes, such as psychological distress, decreased health-related quality of life, and increased HF-related mortality. Although limited, experimental work in this area suggests that problem-focused coping strategies may be beneficial in improving HF-related outcomes. Conclusions: Effective coping aids the successful management of heart failure, specifically the management of associated physical symptoms and psychological sequelae that may result. Problem-focused strategies may be more beneficial than emotion-focused strategies in assisting individuals to cope with heart failure and improve heart failure outcomes, such as psychological well-being, self-care, and health-related quality of life. Conversely, emotion-focused strategies may nega- tively influence heart failure outcomes, such as psychological distress, decreased health-related quality of life, and heart failure-related mortality. Therefore, nurses should include problem-focused coping strategies in patient and family education. Research on the effectiveness of problem-focused strategies is sparse, thus more experimental studies, particularly longitudinal designs, is warranted to determine the efficacy of problem-focused interventions throughout the progression of heart failure.
机译：背景：在美国，心力衰竭的发生率持续上升，每年诊断出超过60万例新病例。心力衰竭的进行性使个体容易遭受身体和心理的后遗症，包括身体活动不耐和抑郁症状。应对有助于协助个人患有心力衰竭。有证据表明，个人应对心力衰竭的方式可能会影响与心力衰竭有关的结果，例如心理健康，自我保健，与健康有关的生活质量和死亡率。因此，更好地理解应对方式可以帮助临床医生和研究人员开发出改善心力衰竭结果的干预措施。目的：提供有关应对方式对心衰影响的证据的系统回顾和综合。描述了在压力和对压力的认知评估的背景下，心力衰竭相关文献中常用的应对概念。此外，本综述还将确定以下方面的已知信息：（1）影响心力衰竭应对方式的个体因素; （2）应对方式对心力衰竭相关结局的影响; （3）促进有效（例如，针对问题）应对心力衰竭的干预措施。还讨论了与该经验文献相关的方法论问题以及对临床医生和研究的意义。方法：本文提供了有关应对方式对心力衰竭相关结局影响的现有经验证据的系统综述。结果：对经验文献的回顾揭示了可能影响HF患者应对方式的几个因素，包括合并症，人格，疾病知识和信念以及连贯感。此外，发现以问题为中心的应对策略的使用与积极的HF结果有关，例如心理健康，增强的自我保健和与健康有关的生活质量。然而，发现以情绪为中心的应对策略的使用会导致心衰不良，例如心理困扰，与健康有关的生活质量下降以及与心衰相关的死亡率增加。尽管有限，但该领域的实验工作表明，以问题为中心的应对策略可能有助于改善心衰相关的预后。结论：有效的应对有助于心力衰竭的成功治疗，特别是可能导致的相关身体症状和心理后遗症的治疗。在帮助个人应对心力衰竭和改善心力衰竭结果（例如心理健康，自我保健以及与健康相关的生活质量）方面，以问题为中心的策略可能比以情绪为中心的策略更为有益。相反，以情绪为中心的策略可能会对心力衰竭的结果产生负面影响，例如心理困扰，与健康有关的生活质量下降以及与心力衰竭有关的死亡率。因此，护士应在患者和家庭教育中包括针对问题的应对策略。对以问题为中心的策略的有效性的研究很少，因此有必要进行更多的实验研究，尤其是纵向设计来确定在心力衰竭整个过程中以问题为中心的干预措施的有效性。

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