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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS >Assessment of Landscape Characteristics and Changes in the Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim Himalaya, India
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Assessment of Landscape Characteristics and Changes in the Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim Himalaya, India

机译：印度锡金喜马拉雅山Khangchendzonga国家公园的景观特征及其变化​​的评估

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摘要

The Khangchendzonga National Park (KNP) in India forms a part of the eastern Himalaya global biodiversity hotspot. Being the third highest protected area in the world, much of the park is inaccessible and has remained least understood. In this study, Remote Sensing and GIS tools were used to quantify landscape composition, configuration and patterns of changes in vegetation cover. From Landsat ETM+ data, 10 land cover types could be classified with 81% accuracy, which showed relatively higher coverage of snow, rock and alpine meadows. FRAGSTATS recognized 70790 patches with mean patch size of 1.2 ha. Watershed based approach showed that parts of KNP that had higher landscape heterogeneity, reflected a greater Himalayan character, high elevation gradient, east west orientation and not dominantly sculptured by valley glaciers. Riverine areas were found to be susceptible to glacial lake outburst and flash floods. Also vegetation cover has substantially declined at lower elevations (1000 to 2500 m) in the last three decades, particularly in portions not shielded from the villages by buffer forests. The park management needs to evolve innovative co-management models, use the riverine zone carefully, strengthen buffer zone management and prioritize conservation measures in the high impact areas.
机译：印度的Khangchendzonga国家公园（KNP）构成了喜马拉雅东部全球生物多样性热点地区的一部分。作为世界第三高保护区，公园的许多人迹罕至，人们对其了解最少。在这项研究中，遥感和GIS工具用于量化景观组成，植被覆盖变化的配置和模式。根据Landsat ETM +数据，可以以81％的准确度对10种土地覆盖类型进行分类，显示出相对较高的雪，岩石和高山草甸覆盖率。 FRAGSTATS识别了70790个斑块，平均斑块大小为1.2公顷。基于分水岭的方法表明，KNP的部分具有较高的景观异质性，反映出较大的喜马拉雅特征，高海拔梯度，东西向，并且不以山谷冰川为主导。人们发现河沿地区易受冰川湖爆发和山洪暴发的影响。在过去的三十年中，低海拔地区（1000至2500 m）的植被覆盖率也大大下降，尤其是在没有被缓冲林屏蔽的村庄。公园管理部门需要发展创新的共同管理模式，谨慎使用河流带，加强缓冲区管理，并在高影响区优先考虑保护措施。

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