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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine >A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhumi, Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo), Caucasus
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A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhumi, Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo), Caucasus

机译：格鲁吉亚共和国（Sakartvelo），Khevsureti，Samtskhe-Javakheti，Tusheti，Svaneti和Racha-Lechkhumi的比较民族植物学

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Background The Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo in Georgian language) is part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot, and human agricultural plant use dates bat at least 6000?years. However, little ethnobiological research has been published from the region since the 1940s. Given the lack of recent research in the region, the present study we report on plant uses in Skartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. We hypothesized that, (1) given the long tradition of plant use, and the isolation under Soviet rule, plant use both based on homegardens and wild harvesting would be more pronounced in Georgia than in the wiser region, (2) the Soviet occupation would have had broad influence on plant use, and (3) there would still be incidence of knowledge loss despite wide plant use. Methods Fieldwork was conducted in Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha in July–August 2013, July–August 2014, and September–October 2015. Interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with 170 participants (80 women and 90 men) after obtaining their oral prior informed consent. All interviews were carried out in the participants’ homes and gardens by native speakers of Georgian and its local dialects (Svan, Tush, Khevsur, Psav), or, where participants spoke these as their native language, Armenian, Russian, or Greek. Results In the present study we encountered 480 plant species belonging to 249 genera of 95 families being used in the research region. The highest number of species and of unique species were reported from the remote Tusheti-Khevsureti region. Informant consensus and number of use reports were highest for each region in the food and medicinal use categories. Of the 480 plants being used in the research region 282 species were exclusively wild-harvested, 103 were grown in homegardens, and 84 were both grown in gardens and sourced in the wild. Conclusions Plant species, and uses, found in our study, both for Georgia in general, as well as for its regions, showed clear relations to the wider Caucasus - Asia Minor - Balkans cultural complex. However, plant use in Georgia was much more diverse than reported in other studies from Eurasia.
机译：背景格鲁吉亚共和国（格鲁吉亚语为Sakartvelo）是高加索生物多样性热点地区的一部分，人类农业植物的使用日期至少已有6000多年。但是，自1940年代以来，该地区很少发表民族生物学研究。由于该地区缺乏最新研究，因此本研究报告了高加索地区Skartvelo（乔治亚州）的植物用途。我们假设，（1）考虑到植物使用的悠久传统以及苏维埃统治下的孤立，佐治亚州以家园和野外采收为基础的植物使用要比较明智的地区更为明显，（2）苏联占领将已经对植物的使用产生了广泛的影响，（3）尽管植物的使用广泛，但是仍然存在知识流失的发生。方法于2013年7月至2013年8月，2014年7月至2014年8月以及2015年9月至10月在Khevsureti，Samtskhe-Javakheti，Tusheti，Svaneti和Racha进行了实地调查。使用半结构化问卷对170名参与者（80名女性和90名90％男性）在获得其口头事先知情同意后。所有采访都是在乔治亚州及其当地方言（Svan，Tush，Khevsur，Psav）的母语者在参与者的住所和花园中进行的，或者以参与者说的母语，亚美尼亚语，俄语或希腊语进行。结果在本研究中，我们遇到了该研究地区使用的480种植物，它们属于95属249属。据报道，偏远的图谢蒂-赫夫苏蒂地区有最多数量的物种和独特的物种。在食品和药物使用类别中，每个地区的知情共识和使用报告数量最高。在研究区域使用的480种植物中，有282种完全是野生收获的，其中103种是在家庭花园中种植的，而84种都在花园中种植并来自野生。结论在我们的研究中发现的乔治亚州及其地区的植物种类和用途与更广泛的高加索地区（亚洲小地区）和巴尔干地区的文化群有着明显的联系。但是，佐治亚州的植物用途比欧亚大陆其他研究报告的要多样化得多。

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