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An Integrated Measurement Framework of City Resilience for Preparedness: A Case Study for Japan

机译：城市防灾能力综合测度框架：以日本为例

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In order to increase the resilience of cities, there has been substantial effort to improve preparedness for, and response to, unexpected disasters. However, there is no specific measurement framework to address the degree of preparedness of a city. This study proposes the development of such a framework, in three phases: (1) identify multiple risks to a city, using risk perception theory, (2) evaluate and categorize these risks, according to public risk perception, using principal components analysis (PCA), and, (3) following the selection of risks, evaluate the resilience policy structure by counting the number of existing policies and using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This study was customized for eight representative cities in Japan. Twenty-eight risks were identified and categorized as “Risk anxiety level” and “Preventive controllability”, based on public risk perception. Following the selection of four risks – greenhouse gas generation, energy shortage, ecological destruction, and earthquake – the policy evaluation indicated that earthquakes have the strongest resilience policy structure in all eight cities. This was also reflected in the degree of city preparedness for resilience, which suggested that every city has relatively higher preparedness for earthquakes among the risks. These findings suggest that these cities’ policies are well engaged with public concern. The study provides information that can help policy makers to improve communication with the public to meet well-intentioned policy, to predict public response to potential risks, and to direct educational efforts. Such information can also be helpful in redefining policy approaches to strengthen cities’ and residents’ preparedness for external stresses.
机译：为了提高城市的抗灾能力，已经做出了巨大的努力来改善对意外灾害的准备和响应。但是，没有专门的衡量框架来解决城市的备灾程度。这项研究建议分三个阶段开发这种框架：（1）使用风险感知理论识别城市的多种风险，（2）根据公共风险感知，使用主成分分析（PCA）对这些风险进行评估和分类），以及（3）在选择风险之后，通过计算现有策略的数量并使用层次分析法（AHP）来评估弹性策略的结构。该研究针对日本的八个代表性城市进行了定制。根据公众风险感知，确定了28种风险并将其分为“风险焦虑水平”和“预防可控制性”。在选择了四种风险（温室气体产生，能源短缺，生态破坏和地震）之后，政策评估表明，地震在所有八个城市中具有最强的复原力政策结构。城市抗灾能力的程度也反映了这一点，表明每个城市在风险中对地震的抗灾能力相对较高。这些发现表明，这些城市的政策与公众的关注密切相关。该研究提供的信息可以帮助决策者改善与公众的沟通，以符合良好的政策，预测公众对潜在风险的反应，并指导教育工作。这些信息也有助于重新定义政策方法，以增强城市和居民应对外部压力的能力。

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