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Effect Relationships on Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Production for Independent Smallholder Farmers toward Sustainable Certification System

机译：独立小农户可持续认证体系对棕榈油生产可持续发展的影响关系

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Palm oil is currently the most widely used vegetable oil in the world and its usage is also expected to double by 2020. However, there are some social and environmental impacts of palm oil plantation. Some complications resulted from the plantation may go as far as mass objections to the production of palm oil. On the contrary, demand for palm oil is still vast and constantly rising. In Indonesia, independent small farmers are the most important stakeholders since they are 43% of the whole Indonesian palm oil producers and have become the biggest spotlight of Indonesian palm oil development, including challenges and problems in which they will have to face to substantially increase their role in the global market as well as maintaining sustainability. Challenges today need to be engaged with innovation and inventions in a more productive and effective way. Enhancing independent small farmers will not only enlarge their contribution to sustainability practices, but also ensuring the sustainable products supplied to the market. Thus, supporting sustainable palm oil production is the way forward. Based on this current issue, this research identifies key point relationships (direct and indirect) on sustainable development factors which are based on Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification System (ISPO), these identified key points will be the primary target to be improved and government support in fostering the sustainability of palm oil industry will be profoundly necessary.
机译：棕榈油目前是世界上使用最广泛的植物油，预计到2020年其使用量还将增加一倍。但是，棕榈油种植园对社会和环境产生了一些影响。人工林造成的一些并发症甚至可能对生产棕榈油产生大规模的异议。相反，对棕榈油的需求仍然很大并且还在不断增加。在印度尼西亚，独立小农是最重要的利益相关者，因为他们占整个印尼棕榈油生产商的43％，并已成为印尼棕榈油发展的最大关注点，包括挑战和问题，他们将不得不大幅增加其产量在全球市场中扮演的角色以及维持可持续性。当今的挑战需要以更有生产力和更有效的方式参与创新和发明。增强独立的小农户，不仅将扩大他们对可持续发展实践的贡献，还将确保向市场供应可持续产品。因此，支持可持续棕榈油生产是前进的道路。基于当前问题，本研究基于印尼可持续棕榈油认证体系（ISPO）确定了可持续发展因素的关键点（直接和间接）关系，这些确定的关键点将成为主要目标并得到政府的支持在促进棕榈油工业的可持续性方面，将是极为必要的。

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