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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Sustainable Development >Tourism Regional Multiplier Effects in Tanzania: Analysis of Singita Grumeti Reserves Tourism in the Mara Region
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Tourism Regional Multiplier Effects in Tanzania: Analysis of Singita Grumeti Reserves Tourism in the Mara Region

机译：坦桑尼亚旅游区域的倍增效应：Singita Grumeti保护区在马拉地区的旅游业分析

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The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth.
机译：这项研究的主要重点是确定在农村地区经营的单一旅游业务对非洲区域经济的经济影响。本文以Singita Grumeti保护区（SGR）在坦桑尼亚的马拉地区的旅游投资的区域乘数效应为例。凯恩斯递归乘数法用于确定重要的经济乘数效应，其大于我们为相关的可比较研究而发现的任何其他乘数效应（2008年至2013年，类型1的平均值为1.57，范围为1.24 – 1.81）。该结果与经济学理论相反，后者认为，与较大的区域经济相比，鉴于投资领域较小，这种情况下的乘数效应应较低。此外，这些结果也被低估了，因为本研究确定的乘数效应并未考虑到SGR非营利伙伴组织Grumeti Fund对环境和社会经济产生的积极正面影响。因此，我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明SGR旅游业的投资与Grumeti基金会的保护和社区发展活动相结合，证明了对坦桑尼亚经济具有实质性好处的扶贫经济方法。之所以可能这样做，是因为与向马拉地区提供的有限政府服务相比，一家私营公司的投资相对可观，该地区的贫困人口为170万人，其中近一半仍处于贫困之中。这些结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明这种高价值的小批量旅游投资与保护和社区发展工作相结合，也可以促进可持续和公平的社会经济发展。这项评估还证明了保护坦桑尼亚丰富的，具有全球意义的自然遗产，以造福人类和自然界而产生的生态系统服务的价值。由于坦桑尼亚具有更多的旅游潜力，坦桑尼亚各级政府当局应考虑鼓励和支持类似的旅游投资（即高价值，小批量旅游模式）。可以定制此支持以提供激励措施，例如降低税率或免税以鼓励这种特定类型的旅游投资。私人投资在坦桑尼亚的农村地区和服务欠缺的地区（例如马拉地区）尤其重要，那里尽管有大量的经济增长机会，但经济投资仍然有限。

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