Bodybuilding competitions are becoming increasingly popular. Competitors are judged on their aesthetic appearance and usually exhibit a high level of muscularity and symmetry and low levels of body fat. Commonly used techniques to improve physique during the preparation phase before competitions include dehydration, periods of prolonged fasting, severe caloric restriction, excessive cardiovascular exercise and inappropriate use of diuretics and anabolic steroids. In contrast, this case study documents a structured nutrition and conditioning intervention followed by a 21 year-old amateur bodybuilding competitor to improve body composition, resting and exercise fat oxidation, and muscular strength that does not involve use of any of the above mentioned methods. Over a 14-week period, the Athlete was provided with a scientifically designed nutrition and conditioning plan that encouraged him to (i) consume a variety of foods; (ii) not neglect any macronutrient groups; (iii) exercise regularly but not excessively and; (iv) incorporate rest days into his conditioning regime. This strategy resulted in a body mass loss of 11.7 kg’s, corresponding to a 6.7 kg reduction in fat mass and a 5.0 kg reduction in fat-free mass. Resting metabolic rate decreased from 1993 kcal/d to 1814 kcal/d, whereas resting fat oxidation increased from 0.04 g/min to 0.06 g/min. His capacity to oxidize fat during exercise increased more than two-fold from 0.24 g/min to 0.59 g/min, while there was a near 3-fold increase in the corresponding exercise intensity that elicited the maximal rate of fat oxidation; 21% V?O2max to 60% V?O2max. Hamstring concentric peak torque decreased (1.7 to 1.5 Nm/kg), whereas hamstring eccentric (2.0 Nm/kg to 2.9 Nm/kg), quadriceps concentric (3.4 Nm/kg to 3.7 Nm/kg) and quadriceps eccentric (4.9 Nm/kg to 5.7 Nm/kg) peak torque all increased. Psychological mood-state (BRUMS scale) was not negatively influenced by the intervention and all values relating to the Athlete’s mood-state remained below average over the course of study. This intervention shows that a structured and scientifically supported nutrition strategy can be implemented to improve parameters relevant to bodybuilding competition and importantly the health of competitors, therefore questioning the conventional practices of bodybuilding preparation.
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机译：健美比赛越来越受欢迎。判断运动员的美学外观，通常显示出高水平的肌肉和对称性以及低水平的体内脂肪。比赛前准备阶段常用的改善体质的技术包括脱水，长时间禁食，严格的热量限制，过度的心血管运动以及不宜使用利尿剂和合成代谢类固醇。相比之下，本案例研究记录了结构化的营养和调理干预措施，随后是21岁的业余健美竞争者，旨在改善身体组成，休息和锻炼脂肪氧化以及肌肉强度，而无需使用任何上述方法。在14周的时间里，为运动员提供了科学设计的营养和调理计划，鼓励他（i）食用各种食物; （ii）不忽略任何大量营养素; （iii）定期运动，但不要过度运动; （iv）将休息日纳入他的调养制度。这种策略导致了11.7公斤体重的损失，相当于减少了6.7公斤的脂肪，减少了5.0公斤的无脂肪。静息代谢率从1993 kcal / d降低到1814 kcal / d，而静息脂肪氧化从0.04 g / min增加到0.06 g / min。他在运动中氧化脂肪的能力从0.24 g / min增加到0.59 g / min，增加了两倍以上，而相应的运动强度增加了近3倍，从而使脂肪的最大氧化速率增加。 V 2 O 2最大值为21％至V 2 O 2最大值为60％。绳肌同心峰值扭矩降低（1.7至1.5 Nm / kg），而绳肌偏心（2.0 Nm / kg至2.9 Nm / kg），股四头肌同心（3.4 Nm / kg至3.7 Nm / kg）和股四头肌偏心（4.9 Nm / kg）至5.7 Nm / kg）的峰值扭矩都增加了。心理情绪状态（BRUMS量表）不受干预的负面影响，并且与运动员情绪状态有关的所有值在研究过程中均保持低于平均值。这种干预表明，可以实施结构化，科学支持的营养策略，以改善与健美比赛有关的参数，并且重要的是改善竞争对手的健康状况，因此对健美运动的常规做法提出了质疑。
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