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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production – role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes
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Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production – role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes

机译：乳汁生产的转录组分析–角质化和甘油三酸酯合成基因的作用

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Background The pigeon crop is specially adapted to produce milk that is fed to newly hatched young. The process of pigeon milk production begins when the germinal cell layer of the crop rapidly proliferates in response to prolactin, which results in a mass of epithelial cells that are sloughed from the crop and regurgitated to the young. We proposed that the evolution of pigeon milk built upon the ability of avian keratinocytes to accumulate intracellular neutral lipids during the cornification of the epidermis. However, this cornification process in the pigeon crop has not been characterised. Results We identified the epidermal differentiation complex in the draft pigeon genome scaffold and found that, like the chicken, it contained beta-keratin genes. These beta-keratin genes can be classified, based on sequence similarity, into several clusters including feather, scale and claw keratins. The cornified cells of the pigeon crop express several cornification-associated genes including cornulin, S100-A9 and A16-like, transglutaminase 6-like and the pigeon ‘lactating’ crop-specific annexin cp35. Beta-keratins play an important role in ‘lactating’ crop, with several claw and scale keratins up-regulated. Additionally, transglutaminase 5 and differential splice variants of transglutaminase 4 are up-regulated along with S100-A10. Conclusions This study of global gene expression in the crop has expanded our knowledge of pigeon milk production, in particular, the mechanism of cornification and lipid production. It is a highly specialised process that utilises the normal keratinocyte cellular processes to produce a targeted nutrient solution for the young at a very high turnover.
机译：背景技术鸽子作物特别适合生产牛奶，这些牛奶被喂给刚孵出的雏鸡。当催乳素反应使农作物的生殖细胞层迅速增殖时，鸽子乳的生产过程便开始了，这导致大量的上皮细胞从农作物中脱落并重新流向幼仔。我们提出鸽子乳的进化建立在鸟类角质形成细胞在表皮角质化过程中积累细胞内中性脂质的能力上。但是，尚未对鸽子作物中的这种角质化过程进行描述。结果我们在鸽子基因组草图支架中鉴定了表皮分化复合物，发现它与鸡一样，含有β-角蛋白基因。这些β-角蛋白基因可根据序列相似性分为几类，包括羽毛，鳞片和爪角蛋白。鸽子作物的角质化细胞表达了几种与角质化相关的基因，包括玉米蛋白，S100-A9和A16样，转谷氨酰胺酶6样以及鸽子“泌乳”作物特有的膜联蛋白cp35。 β-角蛋白在“哺乳”作物中起着重要作用，一些爪状和鳞状角蛋白被上调。另外，转谷氨酰胺酶5和转谷氨酰胺酶4的不同剪接变体与S100-A10一起被上调。结论这项关于农作物中全球基因表达的研究扩展了我们对鸽乳生产的了解，特别是角质形成和脂质生产的机理。这是一个高度专业化的过程，它利用正常的角质形成细胞过程以很高的周转率为年轻人生产出目标营养液。

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