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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of milk production using integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses: improving inefficient utilization of crop by-products as forage in dairy industry
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Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of milk production using integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses: improving inefficient utilization of crop by-products as forage in dairy industry

机译：使用转录组和蛋白质组学综合分析来了解牛奶生产的调控机制：提高农作物副产品作为草料在草业中的利用效率

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Bovine milk is an important nutrient source for humans. Forage plays a vital role in dairy husbandry via affecting milk quality and quantity. However, the differences in mammary metabolism of dairy cows fed different forages remain elucidated. In this study, we utilized transcriptomic RNA-seq and iTRAQ proteomic techniques to investigate and integrate the differences of molecular pathways and biological processes in the mammary tissues collected from 12 lactating cows fed corn stover (CS, low-quality, n?=?6) and alfalfa hay (AH, high-quality, n?=?6). A total of 1631 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 1046 up-regulated and 585 down-regulated) and 346 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 138 increased and 208 decreased) were detected in the mammary glands between the CS- and AH-fed animals. Expression patterns of 33 DEPs (18 increased and 15 decreased) were consistent with the expression of their mRNAs. Compared with the mammary gland of AH-fed cows, the marked expression changes found in the mammary gland of CS group were for genes involved in reduced mammary growth/development (COL4A2, MAPK3, IKBKB, LGALS3), less oxidative phosphorylation (ATPsynGL, ATP6VOA1, ATP5H, ATP6VOD1, NDUFC1), enhanced lipid uptake/metabolism (SLC27A6, FABP4, SOD2, ACADM, ACAT1, IDH1, SCP2, ECHDC1), more active fatty acid beta-oxidation (HMGCS1), less amino acid/protein transport (SLC38A2, SLC7A8, RAB5a, VPS18), reduced protein translation (RPS6, RPS12, RPS16, RPS19, RPS20, RPS27), more proteasome- (PSMC2, PSMC6, PSMD14, PSMA2, PSMA3) and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation (UBE2B, UBE2H, KLHL9, HSPH1, DNAJA1 and CACYBP), and more protein disassembly-related enzymes (SEC63, DNAJC3, DNAJB1, DNAJB11 and DNAJC12). Our results indicate that the lower milk production in the CS-fed dairy cows compared with the AH-fed cows was associated with a network of mammary gene expression changes, importantly, the prime factors include decreased energy metabolism, attenuated protein synthesis, enhanced protein degradation, and the lower mammary cell growth. The present study provides insights into the effects of the varying quality of forages on mammary metabolisms, which can help the improvement of strategies in feeding dairy cows with CS-based diet.
机译：牛乳是人类重要的营养来源。饲草通过影响牛奶的质量和数量在乳品业中起着至关重要的作用。但是，仍需阐明饲喂不同饲料的奶牛的乳腺代谢差异。在这项研究中，我们利用转录组RNA-seq和iTRAQ蛋白质组学技术研究和整合了从12只饲喂玉米秸秆的泌乳牛的乳腺组织中分子途径和生物学过程的差异（CS，低质量，n == 6） ）和苜蓿干草（AH，高品质，n？=？6）。在CS和AH喂养动物之间的乳腺中共检测到1631个差异表达基因（DEG; 1046个上调和585个下调）和346个差异表达蛋白质（DEP; 138个增加和208个减少）。 33个DEP的表达模式（增加18个，减少15个）与其mRNA的表达一致。与AH饲喂的母牛的乳腺相比，在CS组的乳腺中发现的显着表达变化是针对参与减少乳腺生长/发育的基因（COL4A2，MAPK3，IKBKB，LGALS3），较少的氧化磷酸化（ATPsynGL，ATP6VOA1） ，ATP5H，ATP6VOD1，NDUFC1），增强的脂质吸收/代谢（SLC27A6，FABP4，SOD2，ACADM，ACAT1，IDH1，SCP2，ECHDC1），更活跃的脂肪酸β-氧化（HMGCS1），更少的氨基酸/蛋白质转运（SLC38A2 ，SLC7A8，RAB5a，VPS18），减少的蛋白质翻译（RPS6，RPS12，RPS16，RPS19，RPS20，RPS27），更多的蛋白酶体（PSMC2，PSMC6，PSMD14，PSMA2，PSMA3）和泛素介导的蛋白质降解（UBE2B，UBE2H， KLHL9，HSPH1，DNAJA1和CACYBP）以及更多与蛋白质拆卸相关的酶（SEC63，DNAJC3，DNAJB1，DNAJB11和DNAJC12）。我们的结果表明，与AH喂养的奶牛相比，CS喂养的奶牛产奶量较低与乳腺基因表达网络变化有关，重要的是，主要因素包括能量代谢下降，蛋白质合成减弱，蛋白质降解增强，以及较低的乳腺细胞生长。本研究提供了有关饲草质量变化对乳腺代谢的影响的见解，这可以帮助改进以CS为基础的饮食喂养奶牛的策略。

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