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A global survey on occupational health services in selected international commission on occupational health (ICOH) member countries

机译：在选定的国际职业卫生委员会（ICOH）成员国中进行的职业卫生服务全球调查

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The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), and the European Union (EU) have encouraged countries to organize occupational health services (OHS) for all working people irrespective of the sector of economy, size of enterprise or mode of employment of the worker. The objective of this study was to survey the status of OHS in a sample of countries from all continents. A questionnaire focusing on the main aspects of OHS was developed on the basis of ILO Convention No. 161 and several other questionnaire surveys used in various target groups of OHS. The questionnaire was sent to 58 key informants: ICOH National Secretaries. A total of 49 National Secretaries responded (response rate 84.5%), from countries that employ 70% of the total world labour force. The majority of the respondent countries, 67%, had drawn up an OHS policy and implement it with the help of national occupational safety and health (OSH) authorities, institutes of occupational health or respective bodies, universities, and professional associations. Multidisciplinary expert OHS resources were available in the majority (82%) of countries, but varied widely in quantitative terms. The average OHS coverage of workers was 24.8%, with wide variation between countries. In over two thirds (69%) of the countries, the content of services was mixed, consisting of preventive and curative services, and in 29% preventive only. OHS financing was organized according to a mixed model among 63% and by employers only among 33% of the respondents. The majority of countries have drawn up policies, strategies and programmes for OHS. The infrastructures and institutional and human resources for the implementation of strategies, however, remain insufficient in the majority of countries (implementation gap). Qualitatively, the content and multidisciplinary nature of OHS corresponds to international guidance, but the coverage, comprehensiveness and content of services remain largely incomplete due to a lack of infrastructure and shortage of multiprofessional human resources (capacity gap). The estimated coverage of services in the study group was low; only a quarter of the total employed population (coverage gap).
机译：联合国大会（UNGA），国际劳工组织（ILO），世界卫生组织（WHO），国际职业卫生委员会（ICOH）和欧洲联盟（EU）鼓励各国组织职业卫生服务（OHS）适用于所有劳动者，无论其经济部门，企业规模或工人的就业方式如何。这项研究的目的是调查来自各大洲的一些国家的OHS状况。在国际劳工组织第161号公约的基础上，以及在职业健康与安全的各个目标群体中使用的其他若干问卷调查表的基础上，编制了一份以职业健康与安全的主要方面为重点的问卷。问卷已发送给58位主要信息提供者：ICAH国家秘书。共有49名国家秘书作出答复（答复率为84.5％），这些国家雇用了世界总劳动力的70％。大多数被调查国家（67％）已制定了OHS政策，并在国家职业安全与卫生（OSH）当局，职业健康机构或相应机构，大学和专业协会的帮助下实施了该政策。在大多数国家（82％）中可以使用多学科专家OHS资源，但是在数量上差异很大。工人的平均OHS覆盖率为24.8％，各国之间差异很大。在超过三分之二（69％）的国家中，服务的内容是混合的，包括预防性和治疗性服务，仅29％是预防性的。 OHS融资是根据63％的混合模式组织的，只有33％的受访者是由雇主进行的。大多数国家已经制定了OHS的政策，战略和计划。但是，在大多数国家中，用于实施战略的基础设施以及机构和人力资源仍然不足（实施差距）。从质量上讲，OHS的内容和多学科性质与国际指南相对应，但是由于缺乏基础设施和多专业人力资源（能力缺口），服务的覆盖范围，全面性和内容仍然很不完整。研究组的服务估计覆盖率很低;仅占总就业人口的四分之一（覆盖率差距）。

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