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Diversity of Anaerobic Microbes in Spacecraft Assembly Clean Rooms

机译：航天器组装洁净室中厌氧微生物的多样性

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Although the cultivable and noncultivable microbial diversity of spacecraft assembly clean rooms has been previously documented using conventional and state-of-the-art molecular techniques, the occurrence of obligate anaerobes within these clean rooms is still uncertain. Therefore, anaerobic bacterial communities of three clean-room facilities were analyzed during assembly of the Mars Science Laboratory rover. Anaerobic bacteria were cultured on several media, and DNA was extracted from suitable anaerobic enrichments and examined with conventional 16S rRNA gene clone library, as well as high-density phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene microarray (PhyloChip) technologies. The culture-dependent analyses predominantly showed the presence of clostridial and propionibacterial strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from clone libraries revealed distinct microbial populations associated with each clean-room facility, clustered exclusively within gram-positive organisms. PhyloChip analysis detected a greater microbial diversity, spanning many phyla of bacteria, and provided a deeper insight into the microbial community structure of the clean-room facilities. This study presents an integrated approach for assessing the anaerobic microbial population within clean-room facilities, using both molecular and cultivation-based analyses. The results reveal that highly diverse anaerobic bacterial populations persist in the clean rooms even after the imposition of rigorous maintenance programs and will pose a challenge to planetary protection implementation activities.
机译：尽管先前已使用常规和最先进的分子技术记录了航天器装配式洁净室可培养和不可培养的微生物多样性，但仍不确定这些洁净室中专性厌氧菌的出现。因此，在火星科学实验室探测车的组装过程中对三个洁净室设施的厌氧细菌群落进行了分析。在几种培养基上培养厌氧细菌，并从合适的厌氧浓缩物中提取DNA，并使用常规的16S rRNA基因克隆文库以及高密度系统发育16S rRNA基因微阵列（PhyloChip）技术进行检查。依赖培养物的分析主要显示了梭菌和丙酸杆菌菌株的存在。从克隆文库中检索到的16S rRNA基因序列揭示了与每个洁净室设施相关的独特微生物种群，它们仅聚集在革兰氏阳性生物体内。 PhyloChip分析检测到更大的微生物多样性，涵盖了许多菌群，并提供了对洁净室设施中微生物群落结构的更深入了解。这项研究提出了一种综合方法，该方法使用分子分析和基于培养的分析来评估洁净室设施中的厌氧微生物种群。结果表明，即使实施了严格的维护程序，厌氧细菌种群仍会在洁净室中持续存在，这将对行星保护的实施活动构成挑战。

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