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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >The Cockroach Origin of the Termite Gut Microbiota: Patterns in Bacterial Community Structure Reflect Major Evolutionary Events
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The Cockroach Origin of the Termite Gut Microbiota: Patterns in Bacterial Community Structure Reflect Major Evolutionary Events

机译：白蚁肠道菌群的蟑螂起源：细菌群落结构的模式反映了主要的进化事件。

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Termites digest wood and other lignocellulosic substrates with the help of their intestinal microbiota. While the functions of the symbionts in the digestive process are slowly emerging, the origin of the bacteria colonizing the hindgut bioreactor is entirely unknown. Recently, our group discovered numerous representatives of bacterial lineages specific to termite guts in a closely related omnivorous cockroach, but it remains unclear whether they derive from the microbiota of a common ancestor or were independently selected by the gut environment. Here, we studied the bacterial gut microbiota in 34 species of termites and cockroaches using pyrotag analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. Although the community structures differed greatly between the major host groups, with dramatic changes in the relative abundances of particular bacterial taxa, we found that the majority of sequence reads belonged to bacterial lineages that were shared among most host species. When mapped onto the host tree, the changes in community structure coincided with major events in termite evolution, such as acquisition and loss of cellulolytic protists and the ensuing dietary diversification. UniFrac analysis of the core microbiota of termites and cockroaches and construction of phylogenetic tree of individual genus level lineages revealed a general host signal, whereas the branching order often did not match the detailed phylogeny of the host. It remains unclear whether the lineages in question have been associated with the ancestral cockroach since the early Cretaceous (cospeciation) or are diet-specific lineages that were independently acquired from the environment (host selection).
机译：白蚁借助其肠道菌群消化木材和其他木质纤维素底物。尽管共生体在消化过程中的功能正在慢慢显现，但定居于后肠生物反应器的细菌的起源却是完全未知的。最近，我们的小组在密切相关的杂食性蟑螂中发现了许多专门针对白蚁肠道的细菌谱系的代表，但目前尚不清楚它们是否来自共同祖先的微生物群，还是由肠道环境独立选择的。在这里，我们使用16S rRNA基因的热标记分析研究了34种白蚁和蟑螂中的细菌肠道菌群。尽管主要寄主群体之间的群落结构差异很大，但特定细菌类群的相对丰度却发生了巨大变化，但我们发现大多数序列读数属于大多数宿主物种之间共有的细菌谱系。当映射到寄主树上时，群落结构的变化与白蚁进化中的主要事件相吻合，例如纤维素分解蛋白的获得和丧失以及随之而来的饮食多样化。 UniFrac对白蚁和蟑螂的核心微生物群的分析以及各个属水平谱系的系统树的构建揭示了一般的宿主信号，而分支顺序通常与宿主的详细系统发育不匹配。尚不清楚所讨论的谱系是否自白垩纪早期以来就与祖cock有关（同种共生），还是特定于饮食的谱系是从环境中独立获得的（宿主选择）。

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