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Field-Scale Transplantation Experiment To Investigate Structures of Soil Bacterial Communities at Pioneering Sites

机译：野外规模移植实验研究开拓性场地土壤细菌群落的结构

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Studies on the effect of environmental conditions on plants and microorganisms are a central issue in ecology, and they require an adequate experimental setup. A strategy often applied in geobotanical studies is based on the reciprocal transplantation of plant species at different sites. We adopted a similar approach as a field-based tool to investigate the relationships of soil bacterial communities with the environment. Soil samples from two different (calcareous and siliceous) unvegetated glacier forefields were reciprocally transplanted and incubated for 15 months between 2009 and 2010. Controls containing local soils were included. The sites were characterized over time in terms of geographical (bedrock, exposition, sunlight, temperature, and precipitation) and physicochemical (texture, water content, soluble and nutrients) features. The incubating local (“home”) and transplanted (“away”) soils were monitored for changes in extractable nutrients and in the bacterial community structure, defined through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene. Concentrations of soluble ions in most samples were more significantly affected by seasons than by the transplantation. For example, NO_(3)~(?) showed a seasonal pattern, increasing from 1 to 3 μg NO_(3)~(?) (g soil dry weight)~(?1) after the melting of snow but decreasing to <1 μg NO_(3)~(?) (g soil dry weight)~(?1) in autumn. Seasons, and in particular strong precipitation events occurring in the summer of 2010 (200 to 300 mm of rain monthly), were also related to changes of bacterial community structures. Our results show the suitability of this approach to compare responses of bacterial communities to different environmental conditions directly in the field.
机译：研究环境条件对植物和微生物的影响是生态学的中心问题，因此需要适当的实验装置。通常在地质植物学研究中应用的策略是基于在不同地点进行植物物种的互惠移植。我们采用了类似的方法作为基于现场的工具来调查土壤细菌群落与环境之间的关系。在2009年至2010年之间，分别移植了来自两个不同（钙质和硅质）无冰川前场的土壤样品，并孵育了15个月。其中包括含有当地土壤的对照。随着时间的推移，这些地点的特征包括地理特征（基岩，暴露，阳光，温度和降水）和物理化学特征（质地，水含量，可溶性和养分）。通过16S rRNA基因的末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）来监测孵化的本地（“家”）和移植的（“外”）土壤中可提取养分和细菌群落结构的变化。在大多数样品中，可溶性离子浓度受季节的影响比受移植影响更大。例如，NO_（3）〜（？）呈季节变化，在融雪后NO_（3）〜（？）（g土壤干重）〜（？1）从1μg增加到3μg，但下降到<秋季1μgNO_（3）〜（？）（g土壤干重）〜（？1）季节，特别是在2010年夏季发生的强降水事件（每月降雨200至300毫米），也与细菌群落结构的变化有关。我们的结果表明，这种方法适用于直接在现场比较细菌群落对不同环境条件的反应。

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