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Rapid and Stable Microbial Community Assembly in the Headwaters of a Third-Order Stream

机译：快速稳定的三阶流源头微生物群落大会

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Small streams and their headwaters are key sources of microbial diversity in fluvial systems and serve as an entry point for bacteria from surrounding environments. Community assembly processes occurring in these streams shape downstream population structure and nutrient cycles. To elucidate the development and stability of microbial communities along the length of a first- through third-order stream, fine-scale temporal and spatial sampling regimes were employed along McNutt Creek in Athens, GA, USA. 16S rRNA amplicon libraries were constructed from samples collected on a single day from 19 sites spanning the first 16.76?km of the stream. To provide context for this spatial study and evaluate temporal variability, selected sites at the stream’s upper, mid, and lower reaches were sampled daily for 5 days preceding and following the spatial study. In a second study, three sites at and near the creek’s headwaters were sampled daily for 11?days to understand initial bacterioplankton community assembly. Both studies revealed decreasing alpha and beta diversity with increasing downstream distance. These trends were accompanied by the enrichment of a small fraction of taxa found at low abundance in headwater-proximal sites. Similar sets of taxa consistently increased in relative abundance in downstream samples over time scales ranging from 1?day to 1?year, many of which belong to clades known to be abundant in freshwater environments. These results underpin the importance of headwaters as the site of rapid in-stream selection that results in the reproducible establishment of a highly stable community of freshwater riverine bacteria.IMPORTANCE Headwater streams are critical introduction points of microbial diversity for larger connecting rivers and play key roles in the establishment of taxa that partake in in-stream nutrient cycling. We examined the microbial community composition of a first- through third-order stream using fine-scale temporal and spatial regimes. Our results show that the bacterioplankton community develops rapidly and predictably from the headwater population with increasing total stream length. Along the length of the stream, the microbial community exhibits substantial diversity loss and enriches repeatedly for select taxa across days and years, although the relative abundances of individual taxa vary over time and space. This repeated enrichment of a stable stream community likely contributes to the stability and flexibility of downstream communities.
机译：小溪流及其源头是河流系统中微生物多样性的关键来源，并且是周围环境中细菌的切入点。这些河流中发生的社区集会过程影响着下游种群结构和营养循环。为了阐明沿一阶到三阶流的长度的微生物群落的发展和稳定性，沿美国乔治亚州雅典的McNutt Creek采用了精细的时空采样方案。 16S rRNA扩增子文库是由一天内从19个位点采集的样品构建的，这些位点横跨流的最初16.76？km。为了为这项空间研究提供背景并评估时间变异性，在空间研究之前和之后的5天里，每天对河流上游，中部和下游的选定地点进行采样。在第二项研究中，每天抽取11条河上游及其附近的三个地点取样，以了解浮游细菌群落的初始组装。两项研究均表明，随着下游距离的增加，α和β多样性降低。这些趋势伴随着源头附近站点中丰度低的一小部分类群的富集。在从1天到1年的时间范围内，下游样本中相似的类群的相对丰度持续增加，其中许多属于已知在淡水​​环境中丰富的进化枝。这些结果加强了上游水源作为快速选择河流地点的重要性，从而可以重现建立高度稳定的淡水河沿细菌群落。重要意义上游水源是微生物多样性对于较大的连接河流至关重要的引入点，并起着关键作用参与流内养分循环的分类单元的建立。我们使用精细的时空尺度研究了一阶到三阶流的微生物群落组成。我们的研究结果表明，随着总水流长度的增加，浮游植物群落可以从源头种群快速而可预测地发展。沿流的长度，微生物群落表现出相当大的多样性丧失，并在数天和数年中反复出现，从而使选定的分类单元反复富集，尽管单个分类单元的相对丰度随时间和空间而变化。稳定河流社区的这种反复丰富可能有助于下游社区的稳定性和灵活性。

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