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Multigeneration Cross Contamination of Mail with Bacillus Species Spores by Tumbling

机译：翻滚细菌与芽孢杆菌种孢子的多代交叉污染

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In 2001, envelopes loaded with Bacillus anthracis spores were mailed to Senators Daschle and Leahy as well as to the New York Post and NBC News buildings. Additional letters may have been mailed to other news agencies because there was confirmed anthrax infection of employees at these locations. These events heightened the awareness of the lack of understanding of the mechanism(s) by which objects contaminated with a biological agent might spread disease. This understanding is crucial for the estimation of the potential for exposure to ensure the appropriate response in the event of future attacks. In this study, equipment to simulate interactions between envelopes and procedures to analyze the spread of spores from a “payload” envelope (i.e., loaded internally with a powdered spore preparation) onto neighboring envelopes were developed. Another process to determine whether an aerosol could be generated by opening contaminated envelopes was developed. Subsequent generations of contaminated envelopes originating from a single payload envelope showed a consistent two-log decrease in the number of spores transferred from one generation to the next. Opening a tertiary contaminated envelope resulted in an aerosol containing 10~(3) B. anthracis spores. We developed a procedure for sampling contaminated letters by a nondestructive method aimed at providing information useful for consequence management while preserving the integrity of objects contaminated during the incident and preserving evidence for law enforcement agencies.
机译：在2001年，装有炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子的信封被邮寄到了Daschle参议员和Leahy参议员以及《纽约邮报》和NBC新闻大楼。可能已向其他新闻社邮寄了其他信件，因为在这些地点已确认员工感染了炭疽热。这些事件增强了人们对缺乏被生物制剂污染的物体传播疾病的机制的认识。这种理解对于估计暴露的可能性至关重要，以确保在将来发生攻击时采取适当的应对措施。在这项研究中，开发了模拟包膜之间相互作用的设备以及分析孢子从“有效载荷”包膜（即内部装有粉状孢子制剂的程序）散布到相邻包膜上的程序。开发了另一种确定是否可以通过打开污染的信封来产生气溶胶的方法。源自单个有效载荷包膜的受污染包膜的后续世代显示，从一代传到下一世代的孢子数量持续下降了两个对数。打开一个被第三级污染的信封，形成了一个含有10〜（3）个炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子的气溶胶。我们开发了一种通过非破坏性方法对受污染的信件进行采样的程序，旨在提供对后果管理有用的信息，同时保留事件期间受污染对象的完整性，并为执法机构保留证据。

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