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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Short-Term Exposure to Coal Combustion Waste Has Little Impact on the Skin Microbiome of Adult Spring Peepers (Pseudacris crucifer)
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Short-Term Exposure to Coal Combustion Waste Has Little Impact on the Skin Microbiome of Adult Spring Peepers (Pseudacris crucifer)

机译：短期暴露于燃煤废物对成年偷窥者（Pseudacris crucifer）皮肤微生物组的影响很小

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Disruptions to the microbiome can impact host health as can exposure to environmental contaminants. However, few studies have addressed how environmental contaminants impact the microbiome. We explored this question for frogs that breed in wetlands contaminated with fly ash, a by-product of coal combustion that is enriched in trace elements. We found differences in the bacterial communities among a fly ash-contaminated site and several reference wetlands. We then experimentally assessed the impacts of fly ash on the skin microbiome of adult spring peepers ( Pseudacris crucifer ). Frogs were exposed to fly ash in the laboratory for 12 h, the duration of a typical breeding event, and the skin microbiome was assessed after 5 days (experiment 1) or after 5 and 15 days (experiment 2). We examined bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolite profiles using high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). We found little impact as the result of acute exposure to fly ash on the bacterial communities or metabolite profiles in either experiment, suggesting that the bacterial symbiont communities of adults may be relatively resistant to brief contaminant exposure. However, housing frogs in the laboratory altered bacterial community structure in the two experiments, which supports prior research suggesting that environmental source pools are important for maintaining the amphibian skin microbiome. Therefore, for contaminants like fly ash that may alter the potential source pool of symbionts, we think it may be important to explore how contaminants affect the initial assembly of the amphibian skin microbiome in larval amphibians that develop within contaminated sites.IMPORTANCE Animals are hosts to many symbiotic microorganisms, collectively called the microbiome, that play critical roles in host health. Therefore, environmental contaminants that alter the microbiome may impact hosts. Some of the most widespread contaminants, produced worldwide, are derived from the mining, storage, and combustion of coal for energy. Fly ash, for example, is a by-product of coal combustion. It contains compounds such as arsenic, selenium, cadmium, and strontium and is a recognized source of ground and surface water contamination. Here, we experimentally investigated the impacts of short-term fly ash exposure on the skin microbiome of spring peepers, one of many species of amphibian that sometimes breed in open fly ash disposal ponds. This research provides a look into the potential impacts of fly ash on an animal's microbiome and suggests important future directions for research on the effects of environmental contaminants on the microbiome.
机译：破坏微生物组会影响宿主的健康，就像暴露于环境污染物一样。但是，很少有研究探讨环境污染物如何影响微生物组。我们针对在受粉煤灰污染的湿地中繁殖的青蛙探讨了这个问题，粉煤灰是煤燃烧产生的富含微量元素的副产品。我们在粉煤灰污染的地点和几个参考湿地之间发现了细菌群落的差异。然后，我们通过实验评估了粉煤灰对成年偷窥者（Pseudacris crucifer）皮肤微生物组的影响。在实验室中，将青蛙暴露于粉煤灰中12小时，这是典型繁殖事件的持续时间，并在5天（实验1）或5和15天（实验2）之后评估皮肤微生物组。我们使用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序检查细菌群落结构，并使用高压液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）检测代谢物谱。我们发现，由于在任一实验中急性暴露于粉煤灰对细菌群落或代谢产物谱的影响很小，这表明成年人的细菌共生菌群落可能对短暂的污染物暴露具有相对的抵抗力。但是，在两个实验中，在实验室中饲养青蛙会改变细菌群落结构，这支持先前的研究表明环境源池对于维持两栖动物皮肤微生物组很重要。因此，对于像粉煤灰这样的可能会改变潜在共生物来源的污染物，我们认为探索污染物如何影响在受污染场所内发育的幼体两栖动物中两栖动物皮肤微生物组的初始组装可能很重要。许多共生微生物（统称为微生物组）在宿主健康中起关键作用。因此，改变微生物组的环境污染物可能会影响宿主。世界范围内产生的一些最广泛的污染物来自煤炭的开采，储存和燃烧以获取能源。例如，粉煤灰是煤燃烧的副产品。它含有砷，硒，镉和锶等化合物，是公认的地下水和地表水污染源。在这里，我们通过实验研究了短期粉煤灰暴露对春季偷窥者皮肤微生物组的影响，春季偷窥者是两栖动物中的一种，有时在露天粉煤灰处理池中繁殖。这项研究提供了飞灰对动物微生物组的潜在影响的研究，并为研究环境污染物对微生物组的影响提出了重要的未来方向。

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