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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Lipidomics of Thalassiosira pseudonana under Phosphorus Stress Reveal Underlying Phospholipid Substitution Dynamics and Novel Diglycosylceramide Substitutes
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Lipidomics of Thalassiosira pseudonana under Phosphorus Stress Reveal Underlying Phospholipid Substitution Dynamics and Novel Diglycosylceramide Substitutes

机译：磷胁迫下拟南芥的脂质组学揭示了潜在的磷脂取代动力学和新型二糖基神经酰胺替代物

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Phytoplankton replace phosphorus-containing lipids (P-lipids) with non-P analogues, boosting growth in P-limited oceans. In the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, the substitution dynamics of lipid headgroups are well described, but those of the individual lipids, differing in fatty acid composition, are unknown. Moreover, the behavior of lipids outside the common headgroup classes and the relationship between lipid substitution and cellular particulate organic P (POP) have yet to be reported. We investigated these through the mass spectrometric lipidomics of P-replete (P+) and P-depleted (P?) T. pseudonana cultures. Nonlipidic POP was depleted rapidly by the initiation of P stress, followed by the cessation of P-lipid biosynthesis and per-cell reductions in the P-lipid levels of successive generations. Minor P-lipid degradative breakdown was observed, releasing P for other processes, but most P-lipids remained intact. This may confer an advantage on efficient heterotrophic lipid consumers in P-limited oceans. Glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), the predominant P-lipid, was similar in composition to its betaine substitute lipid. During substitution, PC was less abundant per cell and was more highly unsaturated in composition. This may reflect underlying biosynthetic processes or the regulation of membrane biophysical properties subject to lipid substitution. Finally, levels of several diglycosylceramide lipids increased as much as 10-fold under P stress. These represent novel substitute lipids and potential biomarkers for the study of P limitation in situ, contributing to growing evidence highlighting the importance of sphingolipids in phycology. These findings contribute much to our understanding of P-lipid substitution, a powerful and widespread adaptation to P limitation in the oligotrophic ocean.IMPORTANCE Unicellular organisms replace phosphorus (P)-containing membrane lipids with non-P substitutes when P is scarce, allowing greater growth of populations. Previous research with the model diatom species Thalassiosira pseudonana grouped lipids by polar headgroups in their chemical structures. The significance of the research reported here is threefold. (i) We described the individual lipids within the headgroups during P-lipid substitution, revealing the relationships between lipid headgroups and hinting at the underlying biochemical processes. (ii) We measured total cellular P, placing P-lipid substitution in the context of the broader response to P stress and yielding insight into the implications of substitution in the marine environment. (iii) We identified lipids previously unknown in this system, revealing a new type of non-P substitute lipid, which is potentially useful as a biomarker for the investigation of P limitation in the ocean.
机译：浮游植物用非磷类似物代替含磷的脂质（P-脂质），从而促进了磷限制海洋中的生长。在模型硅藻Thalassiosira pseudonana模型中，脂质头基的取代动力学已得到很好的描述，但脂肪酸组成不同的单个脂质的取代动力学尚不清楚。此外，尚未报道常见头基类以外的脂质行为以及脂质取代与细胞微粒有机磷（POP）之间的关系。我们通过对富含P的（P +）和缺乏P的（P2）假单胞菌培养物的质谱脂质组学进行了研究。通过启动P胁迫，随后停止P-脂质的生物合成和逐代降低P-脂质的水平，非脂质POP迅速耗尽。观察到轻微的P-脂质降解分解，释放P用于其他过程，但大多数P-脂质仍保持完整。这可以为磷有限的海洋中有效的异养脂质消费者提供一个优势。甘油磷脂酰胆碱（PC）是主要的P-脂质，其组成与其甜菜碱替代脂质相似。在取代过程中，每个细胞的PC含量较低，并且组成上的不饱和度更高。这可能反映了潜在的生物合成过程或受到脂质取代的膜生物物理特性的调节。最后，几种二糖基神经酰胺脂质的水平在P胁迫下增加了10倍之多。这些代表了新的替代脂质和潜在的生物标记物，可用于原位磷限制酶的研究，为不断增长的证据突出了鞘脂在植物学中的重要性做出了贡献。这些发现大大有助于我们理解贫脂海洋中的P-脂类取代，这是对P限制的强大而广泛的适应性。人口增长。先前使用模型硅藻物种Thalassiosira pseudonana进行的研究将脂质按其化学结构中的极性头基分组。这里报道的研究的意义是三方面的。 （i）我们描述了在P-脂质取代过程中头基内的各个脂质，揭示了脂质头基之间的关系并暗示了潜在的生化过程。 （ii）我们测量了总细胞磷，将P-脂质替代置于对P胁迫的更广泛响应的背景下，并深入了解了替代对海洋环境的影响。 （iii）我们鉴定了该系统中以前未知的脂质，揭示了一种新型的非P替代脂质，它有可能用作研究海洋中P限制的生物标记。

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