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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Atmospheric N Deposition Increases Bacterial Laccase-Like Multicopper Oxidases: Implications for Organic Matter Decay
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Atmospheric N Deposition Increases Bacterial Laccase-Like Multicopper Oxidases: Implications for Organic Matter Decay

机译：大气氮沉积增加细菌漆酶样多铜氧化酶：对有机物衰减的影响。

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Anthropogenic release of biologically available nitrogen (N) has increased dramatically over the last 150 years, which can alter the processes controlling carbon (C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems. In a northern hardwood forest ecosystem located in Michigan in the United States, nearly 20 years of experimentally increased atmospheric N deposition has reduced forest floor decay and increased soil C storage. This change occurred concomitantly with compositional changes in Basidiomycete fungi and in Actinobacteria , as well as the downregulation of fungal lignocelluloytic genes. Recently, laccase-like multicopper oxidases (LMCOs) have been discovered among bacteria which can oxidize β-O-4 linkages in phenolic compounds (e.g., lignin and humic compounds), resulting in the production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here, we examined how nearly 2 decades of experimental N deposition has affected the abundance and composition of saprotrophic bacteria possessing LMCO genes. In our experiment, LMCO genes were more abundant in the forest floor under experimental N deposition whereas the abundances of bacteria and fungi were unchanged. Experimental N deposition also led to less-diverse, significantly altered bacterial and LMCO gene assemblages, with taxa implicated in organic matter decay (i.e., Actinobacteria , Proteobacteria ) accounting for the majority of compositional changes. These results suggest that experimental N deposition favors bacteria in the forest floor that harbor the LMCO gene and represents a plausible mechanism by which anthropogenic N deposition has reduced decomposition, increased soil C storage, and accelerated phenolic DOC production in our field experiment. Our observations suggest that future rates of atmospheric N deposition could fundamentally alter the physiological potential of soil microbial communities.
机译：在过去的150年中，人为释放的生物可用氮（N）急剧增加，这可以改变控制陆地生态系统中碳（C）储存的过程。在位于美国密歇根州的北部硬木森林生态系统中，近20年的实验性增加了大气N的沉积，减少了森林地表的腐烂并增加了土壤C的储存。这种变化与芽孢杆菌属真菌和放线菌的组成变化同时发生，以及真菌木质纤维素基因的下调。最近，在细菌中发现了漆酶样的多铜氧化酶（LMCO），它们可以氧化酚类化合物（例如，木质素和腐殖质化合物）中的β-O-4键，从而产生溶解的有机碳（DOC）。在这里，我们研究了近20年的实验氮沉积如何影响拥有LMCO基因的腐养细菌的丰度和组成。在我们的实验中，在实验氮沉降下，林地中的LMCO基因更加丰富，而细菌和真菌的丰度却没有变化。实验性N沉积还导致细菌和LMCO基因组合的多样性降低，变化幅度显着，而与有机物腐烂有关的分类单元（即放线菌，变形杆菌）占了大部分成分变化。这些结果表明，在我们的田间试验中，实验性N沉积有利于林木中含有LMCO基因的细菌，并且代表了一种可能的机制，其中人为N沉积减少了分解，增加了土壤C的存储并加速了酚DOC的产生。我们的观察表明，未来大气中氮的沉积速率可能从根本上改变土壤微生物群落的生理潜能。

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