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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Acute Limonene Toxicity in Escherichia coli Is Caused by Limonene Hydroperoxide and Alleviated by a Point Mutation in Alkyl Hydroperoxidase AhpC
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Acute Limonene Toxicity in Escherichia coli Is Caused by Limonene Hydroperoxide and Alleviated by a Point Mutation in Alkyl Hydroperoxidase AhpC

机译：大肠杆菌中的柠檬烯的急性毒性是由氢过氧化柠檬烯引起的，并且由于烷基氢过氧化物酶AhpC的点突变而减轻

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Limonene, a major component of citrus peel oil, has a number of applications related to microbiology. The antimicrobial properties of limonene make it a popular disinfectant and food preservative, while its potential as a biofuel component has made it the target of renewable production efforts through microbial metabolic engineering. For both applications, an understanding of microbial sensitivity or tolerance to limonene is crucial, but the mechanism of limonene toxicity remains enigmatic. In this study, we characterized a limonene-tolerant strain of Escherichia coli and found a mutation in ahpC , encoding alkyl hydroperoxidase, which alleviated limonene toxicity. We show that the acute toxicity previously attributed to limonene is largely due to the common oxidation product limonene hydroperoxide, which forms spontaneously in aerobic environments. The mutant AhpC protein with an L-to-Q change at position 177 (AhpC~(L177Q)) was able to alleviate this toxicity by reducing the hydroperoxide to a more benign compound. We show that the degree of limonene toxicity is a function of its oxidation level and that nonoxidized limonene has relatively little toxicity to wild-type E. coli cells. Our results have implications for both the renewable production of limonene and the applications of limonene as an antimicrobial.
机译：柠檬烯是柑桔皮油的主要成分，在微生物学领域有许多应用。柠檬烯的抗菌特性使其成为流行的消毒剂和食品防腐剂，而其作为生物燃料成分的潜力使其成为通过微生物代谢工程进行可再生生产的目标。对于这两种应用，了解微生物对柠檬烯的敏感性或耐受性都是至关重要的，但是柠檬烯的毒性机理仍然是个谜。在这项研究中，我们表征了大肠杆菌的耐柠檬烯菌株，并发现ahpC中的突变，编码烷基氢过氧化物酶，从而减轻了柠檬烯的毒性。我们表明，先前归因于柠檬烯的急性毒性在很大程度上是由于常见的氧化产物柠檬烯氢过氧化物，它在有氧环境中自发形成。在位置177处具有从L到Q的变化的突变型AhpC蛋白（AhpC〜（L177Q））能够通过将氢过氧化物还原为更良性的化合物来减轻这种毒性。我们表明柠檬烯的毒性程度是其氧化水平的函数，并且未氧化的柠檬烯对野生型大肠杆菌细胞的毒性相对较小。我们的研究结果对柠檬烯的可再生生产以及柠檬烯作为抗菌剂的应用都有影响。

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