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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Spatial, Temporal, and Matrix Variability of Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxin Gene Distribution at Great Lakes Beaches
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Spatial, Temporal, and Matrix Variability of Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxin Gene Distribution at Great Lakes Beaches

机译：大湖区海滩肉毒梭菌E型毒素基因分布的时空，矩阵变异

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Clostridium botulinum type E toxin is responsible for extensive mortality of birds and fish in the Great Lakes. The C. botulinum bontE gene that produces the type E toxin was amplified with quantitative PCR from 150 sloughed algal samples (primarily Cladophora species) collected during summer 2012 from 10 Great Lakes beaches in five states; concurrently, 74 sediment and 37 water samples from four sites were also analyzed. The bontE gene concentration in algae was significantly higher than in water and sediment ( P < 0.05), suggesting that algal mats provide a better microenvironment for C. botulinum . The bontE gene was detected most frequently in algae at Jeorse Park and Portage Lake Front beaches (Lake Michigan) and Bay City State Recreation Area beach on Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), where 77, 100, and 83% of these algal samples contained the bontE gene, respectively. The highest concentration of bontE was detected at Bay City (1.98 × 10~(5) gene copies/ml of algae or 5.21 × 10~(6) g [dry weight]). This study revealed that the bontE gene is abundant in the Great Lakes but that it has spatial, temporal, and matrix variability. Further, embayed beaches, low wave height, low wind velocity, and greater average water temperature enhance the bontE occurrence.
机译：E型肉毒梭菌毒素导致五大湖地区鸟类和鱼类的大量死亡。通过定量PCR，从2012年夏季在五个州的10个大湖海滩收集的150个脱落藻类样品（主要是藻类）中扩增了产生E型毒素的肉毒梭菌bontE基因。同时，还分析了来自四个地点的74个沉积物和37个水样。藻类中的bontE基因浓度显着高于水和沉积物中（P <0.05），表明藻类垫为肉毒梭菌提供了更好的微环境。在Jeorse Park公园和Portage Lake Front海滩（密歇根湖）以及Saginaw湾（休伦湖）的Bay City State Recreation Area海滩（休伦湖）的藻类中，检测到bontE基因的频率最高，其中这些藻样中有77％，100％和83％ bontE基因。在湾城检测到最高的bontE浓度（1.98×10〜（5）基因拷贝/ ml藻类或5.21×10〜（6）g [干重]）。这项研究表明，大湖地区的bontE基因丰富，但具有空间，时间和基质变异性。此外，隐蔽的海滩，低波高，低风速和较高的平均水温会增加bontE的发生。

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