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Diverse Microhabitats Experienced by Halomonas variabilis on Salt-Secreting Leaves

机译：Halomonas variabilis在盐密生叶上经历的多种微生境

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The leaf surfaces of the salt-excreting tree Tamarix aphylla harbor a wide diversity of halophilic microorganisms, including Halomonas sp., but little is known of the factors that shape community composition in this extreme habitat. We isolated a strain of Halomonas variabilis from the leaf surface of T. aphylla and used it to determine the heterogeneity of salt concentrations experienced by bacteria in this environment. This halophilic strain was transformed with a proU :: gfp reporter gene fusion, the fluorescence of which was responsive to NaCl concentrations up to 200 g liter~(?1). These bioreporting cells were applied to T. aphylla leaves and were subsequently recovered from dew droplets adhering to the leaf surface. Although cells from within a given dew droplet exhibited similar green fluorescent protein fluorescence, the fluorescence intensity varied between droplets and was correlated with the salt concentration measured in each drop. Growth of H. variabilis was observed in all droplets, regardless of the salt concentration. However, cells found in desiccated microniches between dew drops were low in abundance and generally dead. Other bacteria recovered from T. aphylla displayed higher desiccation tolerance than H. variabilis , both in culture and on inoculated plants, despite having lower osmotic tolerance. Thus, the Tamarix leaf surface can be described as a salty desert with occasional oases where water droplets form under humid conditions. While halotolerant bacteria such as Halomonas grow in high concentrations of salt in such wet microniches, other organisms are better suited to survive desiccation in sites that are not wetted.
机译：排盐树木Ta柳（Tamarix aphylla）的叶表面含有多种多样的嗜盐微生物，包括Halomonas sp。，但对影响这种极端生境的群落组成的因素知之甚少。我们从T. aphylla的叶表面分离出了一种Halomonas variabilis菌株，并用它来确定细菌在这种环境中所经历的盐浓度的异质性。用proU :: gfp报告基因融合体转化该嗜盐菌株，其荧光对高达200 g升（？1）的NaCl浓度有响应。将这些生物报告细胞施加到紫锥菊叶子上，随后从粘附在叶子表面的露滴中回收。尽管来自给定露滴中的细胞显示出相似的绿色荧光蛋白荧光，但荧光强度在各滴之间变化，并且与每个滴中测得的盐浓度相关。不管盐浓度如何，在所有液滴中均观察到变异链球菌的生长。但是，在露滴之间的干燥微壁ches中发现的细胞丰度低，并且通常死亡。在培养和接种植物中，从无叶紫苏中回收的其他细菌显示出比干变异杆菌更高的干燥耐受性，尽管其渗透耐受性较低。因此，Ta柳的叶子表面可以说是咸沙漠，偶尔有绿洲，在潮湿的条件下会形成水滴。尽管诸如卤单胞菌这样的耐盐细菌在这种潮湿的微生态环境中以高浓度的盐生长，但其他生物更适合在未润湿的地方干燥。

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