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Training for Long-Duration Space Missions: A Literature Review into Skill Retention and Generalizability

机译：长时间太空任务的训练：关于技能保留和概括性的文献综述

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On long-duration space missions, skill retention and generalizability become ever more important as mission length increases, for it is through these capabilities that astronaut crews achieve autonomy. Because simulators are used extensively in all types of training, the effects of simulator fidelity on skill retention and generalizability are paramount to understand. A literature survey was performed to identify current research gaps in skill retention and generalizability. The survey identified a need for a structured and quantifiable approach to characterize skill decay, for example, using a cybernetic approach. Such an approach would allow for gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which skill decay operates. Furthermore, the literature survey identified three research gaps and opportunities for future research: (1) developing skill decay functions provides theoretical insights into skill decay and could allow for several practical applications, such as planning refresher training, (2) investigating the effects of simulator fidelity on skill decay functions could allow for better simulator utilization during training, and (3) investigating the generalizability of skills learned in initial training to other tasks could provide space crews with greater autonomy.
机译：在长时间的太空飞行中，随着飞行时间的增加，技能保留和通用性变得越来越重要，因为正是通过这些功能，宇航员才能实现自主。由于模拟器广泛用于所有类型的培训中，因此了解模拟器保真度对技能保留和通用性的影响至关重要。进行了文献调查，以查明技能保留和可概括性方面的当前研究差距。调查发现需要一种结构化且可量化的方法来表征技能衰减，例如，使用控制论方法。这种方法将使人们对技能衰减所起作用的机制有更深入的了解。此外，文献调查还确定了三个研究方面的差距和未来研究的机会：（1）开发技能衰减功能可提供有关技能衰减的理论见解，并可以用于多种实际应用，例如计划进修培训;（2）研究模拟器的效果对技能衰减功能的保真度可以在训练过程中更好地利用模拟器，并且（3）调查在初始训练中学习到的技能对其他任务的普遍性可以为航天员提供更大的自主权。

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