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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>NPJ Microgravity >Anaesthesia in austere environments: literature review and considerations for future space exploration missions
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Anaesthesia in austere environments: literature review and considerations for future space exploration missions

机译：严峻环境中的麻醉：文献综述和对未来太空探索任务的考虑

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Future space exploration missions will take humans far beyond low Earth orbit and require complete crew autonomy. The ability to provide anaesthesia will be important given the expected risk of severe medical events requiring surgery. Knowledge and experience of such procedures during space missions is currently extremely limited. Austere and isolated environments (such as polar bases or submarines) have been used extensively as test beds for spaceflight to probe hazards, train crews, develop clinical protocols and countermeasures for prospective space missions. We have conducted a literature review on anaesthesia in austere environments relevant to distant space missions. In each setting, we assessed how the problems related to the provision of anaesthesia (e.g., medical kit and skills) are dealt with or prepared for. We analysed how these factors could be applied to the unique environment of a space exploration mission. The delivery of anaesthesia will be complicated by many factors including space-induced physiological changes and limitations in skills and equipment. The basic principles of a safe anaesthesia in an austere environment (appropriate training, presence of minimal safety and monitoring equipment, etc.) can be extended to the context of a space exploration mission. Skills redundancy is an important safety factor, and basic competency in anaesthesia should be part of the skillset of several crewmembers. The literature suggests that safe and effective anaesthesia could be achieved by a physician during future space exploration missions. In a life-or-limb situation, non-physicians may be able to conduct anaesthetic procedures, including simplified general anaesthesia.
机译：未来的太空探索任务将使人类远远超越低地球轨道，并要求机组人员完全自主。考虑到需要手术的严重医疗事件的预期风险，提供麻醉的能力将非常重要。目前，太空飞行期间此类程序的知识和经验极为有限。严峻和孤立的环境（例如极地基地或潜艇）已广泛用作航天飞行的试验台，以探测危害，训练机组人员，制定针对未来太空任务的临床方案和对策。我们已经对与远距离飞行任务相关的严峻环境中的麻醉进行了文献综述。在每种情况下，我们评估了如何处理或准备与麻醉提供有关的问题（例如，医疗工具和技能）。我们分析了如何将这些因素应用于太空探索任务的独特环境。麻醉的传递将因许多因素而变得复杂，包括空间引起的生理变化以及技能和设备的局限性。在严峻环境中进行安全麻醉的基本原则（适当的培训，最低限度的安全和监视设备等）可以扩展到太空探索任务的范围。技能冗余是重要的安全因素，麻醉的基本能力应成为几名机组人员技能的一部分。文献表明，在未来的太空探索任务中，医生可以实现安全有效的麻醉。在无生命的情况下，非医师可能能够进行麻醉程序，包括简化的全身麻醉。

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