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Use of Bacteriophage Ba1 To Identify Properties Associated with Bordetella avium Virulence

机译：使用噬菌体Ba1鉴定与鸟博德特氏菌毒力相关的特性

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Bordetella avium causes bordetellosis, an upper respiratory disease of birds. Commercially raised turkeys are particularly susceptible. We report here on the use of a recently described B. avium bacteriophage, Ba1, as a tool for investigating the effects of lysogeny and phage resistance on virulence. We found that lysogeny had no effect on any of the in vivo or in vitro measurements of virulence we employed. However, two-thirds (six of nine) spontaneous phage-resistant mutants of our virulent laboratory strain, 197N, were attenuated. Phage resistance was associated, in all cases, with an inability of the mutants to bind phage. Further tests of the mutants revealed that all had increased sensitivities to surfactants, and increased amounts of incomplete (O-antigen-deficient) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to 197N. Hot phenol-water-extracted 197N LPS inactivated phage in a specific and dose-dependent manner. Acid hydrolysis and removal of lipid A had little effect upon the ability of isolated LPS to inactivate Ba1, suggesting that the core region and possibly the O antigen were required for phage binding. All of the mutants, with one exception, were significantly more sensitive to naive turkey serum and, without exception, significantly less able to bind to tracheal rings in vitro than 197N. Interestingly, the three phage-resistant mutants that remained virulent appeared to be O antigen deficient and were among the mutants that were the most serum sensitive and least able to bind turkey tracheal rings in vitro. This observation allowed us to conclude that even severe defects in tracheal ring binding and serum resistance manifested in vitro were not necessarily indicative of attenuation and that complete LPS may not be required for virulence.
机译：鸟博德特氏菌（Bordetella avium）引起鸟巢菌病，即鸟类的上呼吸道疾病。商业饲养的火鸡特别容易受到伤害。我们在这里报告最近使用的 B的使用情况。鸟噬菌体Ba1，作为研究溶源性和噬菌体抗性对毒力影响的工具。我们发现溶源性对我们采用的任何体内或体外毒力测量均没有影响。但是，我们的实验室毒性强毒株197N的三分之二（九分之六）自发噬菌体抗性突变体被减毒。在所有情况下，噬菌体抗性与突变体不能结合噬菌体有关。对该突变体的进一步测试显示，与197N相比，所有突变体均对表面活性剂具有更高的敏感性，并增加了不完全（O抗原缺乏）脂多糖（LPS）的数量。热酚水提取的197N LPS灭活的噬菌体具有特定的剂量依赖性。酸水解和脂质A的去除对分离的LPS灭活Ba1的能力影响很小，这表明噬菌体结合需要核心区域和可能的O抗原。除一个例外，所有这些突变体对幼稚的火鸡血清的敏感度均显着提高，并且与197N相比，无一例外，其在体外结合气管环的能力显着降低。有趣的是，三个仍然具有毒性的噬菌体抗性突变体似乎缺乏O抗原，并且是在体外对血清最敏感且最不能够结合火鸡气管环的突变体之一。该观察结果使我们可以得出结论，即使是体外表现出的气管环结合严重缺陷和血清抗药性也不一定表明减毒，而且毒力可能不需要完整的LPS。

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