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Association of Pathogen Strain-Specific Gene Transcription and Transmission Efficiency Phenotype of Anaplasma marginale

机译：病原菌特异性基因转录与无性质无性繁殖效率表型的关联

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Efficient transmission of pathogens by an arthropod vector is influenced by the ability of the pathogen to replicate and develop infectiousness within the arthropod host. While the basic life cycle of development within and transmission from the arthropod vector are known for many bacterial and protozoan pathogens, the determinants of transmission efficiency are largely unknown and represent a significant gap in our knowledge. The St. Maries strain of Anaplasma marginale is a high-transmission-efficiency strain that replicates to a high titer in the tick salivary gland and can be transmitted by <10 ticks. In contrast, A. marginale subsp. centrale (Israel vaccine strain) has an identical life cycle but replicates to a significantly lower level in the salivary gland, with transmission requiring >30-fold more ticks. We hypothesized that strain-specific genes expressed in the tick salivary gland at the time of transmission are linked to the differences in the transmission efficiency phenotype. Using both annotation-dependent and -independent analyses of the complete genome sequences, we identified 58 strain-specific genes. These genes most likely represent divergence from common ancestral genes in one or both strains based on analysis of synteny and lack of statistical support for acquisition as islands by lateral gene transfer. Twenty of the St. Maries strain-specific genes and 16 of the strain-specific genes in the Israel strain were transcribed in the tick salivary gland at the time of transmission. Although associated with the transmission phenotype, the expression levels of strain-specific genes were equal to or less than the expression levels in infected erythrocytes in the mammalian host, suggesting that function is not limited to salivary gland colonization.
机译：节肢动物载体对病原体的有效传播受到病原体在节肢动物宿主内复制和发展传染性的能力的影响。虽然节肢动物载体内部发育和从节肢动物传播的基本生命周期已为许多细菌和原生动物病原体所知，但传播效率的决定因素在很大程度上尚不清楚，这在我们的知识中还存在很大差距。 “边缘无浆膜”的圣马里斯菌株是一种高传播效率菌株，可在sal唾液腺中复制到高滴度，可以传播<10 tick。相反， A。边缘子空间以色列疫苗株 centrale 具有相同的生命周期，但在唾液腺中复制到明显较低的水平，传播需要的30虱多30倍。我们假设传播时在the唾液腺中表达的菌株特异性基因与传播效率表型的差异有关。使用完整的基因组序列的注释依赖和非依赖分析，我们确定了58个菌株特异性基因。这些基因最有可能代表一种或两种菌株与共同祖先基因的差异，这是基于对同义性的分析以及缺乏通过横向基因转移获取作为孤岛的统计支持。传播时，在strain唾液腺中转录了以色列菌株中的20个圣马里斯菌株特异性基因和16个菌株特异性基因。尽管与传播表型有关，但是菌株特异性基因的表达水平等于或小于哺乳动物宿主中被感染红细胞的表达水平，这表明其功能不仅限于唾液腺定植。

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