During the 2001–2002 outbreak in Gabon, weobserved that several dogs were highly exposed to Ebolavirus by eating infected dead animals. To examine whetherthese animals became infected with Ebola virus, we sam-pled 439 dogs and screened them by Ebola virus–specificimmunoglobulin (Ig) G assay, antigen detection, and viralpolymerase chain reaction amplification. Seven (8.9%) of79 samples from the 2 main towns, 15 (15.2%) of 99samples from Mekambo, and 40 (25.2%) of 159 samplesfrom villages in the Ebola virus–epidemic area haddetectable Ebola virus–IgG, compared to only 2 (2%) of 102samples from France. Among dogs from villages with bothinfected animal carcasses and human cases, seropreva-lence was 31.8%. A significant positive direct associationexisted between seroprevalence and the distances to theEbola virus–epidemic area. This study suggests that dogscan be infected by Ebola virus and that the putative infec-tion is asymptomatic
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