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首页> 外文期刊>Emerging Infectious Diseases >Rhodococcus equi and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Two 'Coryneform' Bacteria Increasingly Recognized as Agents of Human Infection
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Rhodococcus equi and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Two 'Coryneform' Bacteria Increasingly Recognized as Agents of Human Infection

机译：马红球菌和溶血弧菌：两种“棒状”细菌日益被认为是人类感染的媒介

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Rhodococcus equi and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, formerly classified in the genus Corynebacterium, are members of the loosely defined taxon “coryneform” bacteria. Although they are the etiologic agents of distinct human infections, both organisms are frequently overlooked, which results in missed or delayed diagnoses. R. equi, long known as an important pathogen of immature horses, has become in the past three decades an opportunistic pathogen of severely immunosuppressed humans. Most cases are secondary to HIV infection. When specifically sought in throat swab cultures, A. haemolyticum is found responsible for 0.5% to 2.5% of bacterial pharyngitis, especially among adolescents. These two microorganisms represent a spectrum of disease in humans: from a mild, common illness to a rare life-threatening infection. Each organism elaborates lipid hydrolyzing enzymes (cholesterol oxidase by R. equi and sphingomyelinase D by A. haemolyticum) that are toxic to animals and humans and damaging to mammalian cell membranes. The participation of the cytotoxins in pathogenicity is discussed. Greater awareness of the properties of these two bacteria may promote faster, more accurate diagnoses and better clinical management.
机译：先前归类为棒状杆菌属的马红球菌和溶血性阿卡诺杆菌是松散分类的“棒状”细菌的成员。尽管它们是人类不同感染的病原体，但经常忽略这两种生物，从而导致漏诊或误诊。长期以来一直被称为不成熟马的重要病原体的马杜鹃（R. equi）在过去的三十年中已成为严重免疫抑制人类的机会病原体。大多数病例是继发于HIV感染的。当专门在喉拭子培养中寻找时，发现溶血曲霉占细菌性咽炎的0.5％至2.5％，尤其是在青少年中。这两种微生物代表着人类的一系列疾病：从轻度的常见疾病到罕见的威胁生命的感染。每种生物都精心制造对动物和人类有毒并损害哺乳动物细胞膜的脂质水解酶（马鞭草芽孢杆菌的胆固醇氧化酶和溶血曲霉的鞘磷脂酶D）。讨论了细胞毒素在致病性中的参与。对这两种细菌的​​特性的更多了解可以促进更快，更准确的诊断和更好的临床管理。

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