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首页> 外文期刊>Emerging Infectious Diseases >Emerging Human Infectious Diseases: Anthroponoses, Zoonoses, and Sapronoses
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Emerging Human Infectious Diseases: Anthroponoses, Zoonoses, and Sapronoses

机译：新兴的人类传染病：人猿，人畜共患病和腐殖质

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To the Editor: The source of infection has always been regarded as an utmost factor in epidemiology. Human communicable diseases can be classified according to the source of infection as anthroponoses (when the source is an infectious human; interhuman transfer is typical), zoonoses (the source is an infectious animal; interhuman transfer is uncommon), and sapronoses (the source is an abiotic substrate, nonliving environment; interhuman transfer is exceptional). The source of infection is often the reservoir or, in ecologic terms, the habitat where the etiologic agent of the disease normally thrives, grows, and replicates. A characteristic feature of most zoonoses and sapronoses is that once transmitted to humans, the epidemic chain is usually aborted, but the clinical course might be sometimes quite severe, even fatal. An ecologic rule specifies that an obligatory parasite should not kill its host to benefit from the adapted long-term symbiosis, whereas an occasionally attacked alien host, such as a human, might be subjected to a severe disease or even killed rapidly by the parasite because no evolutionary adaptation to that host exists (1). In this letter, only microbial infections are discussed; metazoan invasion and infestations have been omitted. Anthroponoses (Greek “anthrópos” = man, “nosos” = disease) are diseases transmissible from human to human. Examples include rubella, smallpox, diphtheria, gonorrhea, ringworm (Trichophyton rubrum), and trichomoniasis.
机译：致编辑：感染源一直被认为是流行病学的最大因素。可以根据感染源将人类传染病分类为人类传染病（人源是传染性的;典型的是人际转移），人畜共患病（源是传染性动物;人际转移不常见）和腐殖质（人为传染性）。非生物底物，无生命的环境;人际转移是例外）。感染的来源通常是水库，或者就生态学而言，通常是疾病的病原体在其中habitat壮成长，繁殖和复制的栖息地。大多数人畜共患病和腐殖质的特征是，一旦传播给人类，流行链通常会中止，但是临床过程有时可能非常严重，甚至致命。生态学规则规定，强制性寄生虫不应杀死宿主以从适应的长期共生中受益，而偶然袭击的外来宿主（例如人）则可能遭受严重疾病甚至被寄生虫迅速杀死，因为不存在对该宿主的进化适应（1）。在这封信中，只讨论了微生物感染。后生动物的侵袭和侵扰已被省略。人种病（希腊语“anthrópos” =人，“ nosos” =疾病）是人与人之间可以传播的疾病。例子包括风疹，天花，白喉，淋病，癣（毛癣菌）和滴虫。

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